424 COMPOSIT.'E. Mlcruseris. 



oblong small scales tipped with a several times longer whito and soft pliwnoso awn. 

 — Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. ix. 208. Scurzondla nutans (deyer), Hook, iu jAiiul. 

 Jour. l5ot. vi. lin.'J. I'ti/o/ihora nutans, (Jray, Tl. lu-niU. 113. t'alais [I'tilophora) 

 nutans, (iray in Pacil". K. Kup. iv. 112. Utepkauomeria inteiniedia, Kellogg in I'roc. 

 Calif. Acad. V. :5U. 



Low or moist f^iouiiils, throughout the Siorrii Noviuhi, iVoiu Mariposa Co. north to Washington 

 Territory and thence east to Montana. Heads in flower halt an inch high, narrow ; the golden- 

 yellow flowers open through tlie day. Akenes 3 lines and pappus about 4 lines long. The root is 

 said to be eaten raw by the Indians. 



2. M. major, var. laciniata, (^ray, 1. c. Mostly stouter and more branched 

 from tin; base, aiul i]\v. leaves in this variety generally pinnately parted into slender 

 linear divisions : invcdiune of lanceolate and more acuminate scales, which are im- 

 bricated in three lengths, the outermost shortest: bristles of the pappus not (piito so 

 plumose as in M. nutans. — Calais {Ptilophora) major, var. laciniata, dray, V\. 

 Fendl. 113. C. gracililoba, Kellogg, 1. c. 48. 



Long Valley, Mendocino Co. {Kcllucjij), and Idaho, on Clear Water, Spalding. 



§ 2. Pappus of 5 ^0 10 ve7-i/ long-awned scales, either almost plumose or naked: akenes 

 not attenuate towards the apex and hardly totvards the base : involucre reyn- 

 larlij imbricated, the outer scales (jradually shorter : stems simjjle or mostl// 

 branching : root fusiform and probably biennial. — Scoit/oNKM-.v, (hay. 

 [Scorzondla, Mutt., iienth. C(dais § ISconondla, (iray.) 



* Akenes slender, as in the first section : awns or bristles of the pappus barbellate 



or almost plumose, rusty-colored. 



3. M. sylvatica. Gray, 1. c. Stem a foot or so high, rather stout, commonly 

 simple and scapedike, rarely leafy to the middle : leaves laciniate-pinnatitid or 

 toothed : head many-flowered : involucre campanulate ; the scales all acuminate, 

 the outer from an ovate or ovatedanceolate base : ligules rather long : scales of the 

 pappus to 10 (mostly 10), oblongdanceolate, considerably shorter than the slender 

 awn. — Scorzondla sylvatica, l>enth. I'l. llaitw. 320. Calais [A nacalais) sylvatica, 

 Gray in Tacir. M K'ep. iv. 113. 



Var. Stillmani, Gray, 1. c Dilfers in the narrower scales of the involucre, 

 which are lanceolate and gradually tapering from the base, and the awns of tin; 

 pappus (sometimes at least) less strongly barbellate. 



In woods or low grounds, on tlie Sacramento and its tributaries, Hnrlwcy, Bitfclmo, &c. The 

 var. collected by Slillnuin, Suitiuc/s, and on Mark West Creek by Bix/clow. Peduncle or scape 

 G to 12 inches long. Head an inch high. Akenes (seen in the mature state only in the variety) 

 3 lines long, glabrous or minutely scabrous. 



* * Akenes mostly shorter (terete, or in one species soinetimes more or less i-b-anylcd) : 



awns of tlie pappus only denticulate or scabrous. 

 +- Scales of the involucre all long-acuminate : pappus of 8 or 10 short and small 

 entire scales tipped ivith a very long capillary awn : stems tnore or less branching 

 and leafy below : ligules elongated. 



4. M. laciniata. Gray, 1. c. A foot or two high, commonly stout : leaves 

 from narrowly to very broadly lanceolate in outline (4 to 16 inches long), commonly 

 laciniate-]unnatitid and the lobes long and slender : heads large : scales of the in- 

 volucre all broad, the outer ovate and abru[)tly acuminate : scales of the pajipus 

 ovate or ovatedanceolate, only a third or fourth the length of the (sometimes jiris- 

 mati<-) akene. — I/ymenonenia ? laciniatum, llook. V\. i. 301. Scorzonella lacini- 

 ata, Nutt. in Tmns. Am. Phil. Soc. n. .ser. vii. 426. Calais (Scorzonella) laciniata, 

 Gray in Pacif. K. Pep. 1. c. — Passes into 



Var. procera. Gray, 1. c. Stem stouter and more leafy, 2 or 3 feet high : leaves 

 broadly lanceolate or oblong (1 to 2^ inches wide), merely denticulate, occasionally 

 laciniate : scales of the pappus mostly rather narrower or more tapering into the 



