Campanulu. CAM PANULACE^!:. 447 



developed corolla half an inch hmnd. Cnjisules abont 4 lines long. Intermediate in ajipear- 

 ance between S. falatta, A. DC, of tlie Old World, and S. per/olinta, witii wliicli Aljili. iJe laii- 

 doUo and otliei'8 have confounded it ; but (juite distinct from botli. The name is not a happy 

 one : but there are frequently two flowers in each axil, one later than the other. 



2. B. perfoliata, A. DC. Stouter, r span to two feet liigli, simple or with sim- 

 ple branches, very leafy tliroughout, roughish-liairy, rarely almost glabrous : leaves 

 clasping, round-iiordato, crenate : flowers sessih^ in the axils, often clustered, of two 

 kinds, as in the preceding s])ecies : caj)sule oblong or slightly clavate ; the valvular 

 openings as low as tho middle. 



Open cronnd.s, I'lumas Co. {Lctmnnn) to Oregon, luid common tluoiigh the Atlantic States; 

 also in Mexico. 



3. HETEROCODON, Nutt. 

 Flowers of two sorts ; the lower and earlier ones with merely rudimentary corolla 

 and fertilized in the bud. C^alyx with obovate or inversely pyramidal tube much 

 shorter than the foliaceous lobes ; these are broadly ovate, sharjily toothed, veiny, 

 3 or 4 in the earlier, 5 in the later flowers. Corolla short-carapanulate, 5-lobed. 

 Stamens and style as in Campanula. Capsule 3-celled, 3-angled, very thin and 

 membranaceous, the delicate Avails bursting indefinitely on the sides. Seeds numer- 

 ous, oblong, obscurely triangular. — Nutt. 1. c. viii. 255. A single species. 



1. H. rarifloruxn, Nutt. A very delicate little annual, sparsely bristly-liirsute, 

 otherwise glabrous, with leafy filiform stems 3 to 20 inches long, <lifTusely branch- 

 ing : leaves rounded and with cordate base, partly clasping, acutely and coarsely 

 many-toothed, thin, 3 to 6 lines wide : flowers terminal becoming lateral, also axil- 

 lary, solitary, sessile : calyx-lobes foliaceous, 1 to 3 lines hmg, rather shorter than 

 the well-dovoloped pale blue corolla, mostly longer than tlio capsule, tho sides of 

 which give way vaguely in age, but not by hidves. 



Shlidy and grassy jdaces, from Napa Co. and Mariposa Co. (at 4,000 feet) to Oregon : also 

 collected in the mountains of Nevada. Reduced by Hontham and Hooker to Campanula, but 

 better kept up. 



4. CAMPANULA, Tourn. Bellflowku. 

 Flowers all alike. Calyx-lobes narrow. Corolla campanulate or near it, 5dobed 

 or 5-cleft. Stamens 5 : filaments dilated at base. Capsule short, 3-5-cellcd, open- 

 ing on the sides or near the ba.se by 3 to 5 small uplifted valves leaving round per- 

 forations, many-seeded. — Chiefly perennial herbs, all of the northern hemi.s])here, 

 many with showy flowers ; the inflorescence centrifugal or irregidar. 



Tho few Californian (indeed all tho North American) species arc bluo-flowcred, destitute of any 

 appendages between the calyx-loljes, and the stigmas and cells of the capsule only three. 



* Stem-leaves all linear or lancenlnte and entire. 



1. C. rotundifolia, Linu. A span to a foot liigh, glabrous, slender and weak : 

 radical leaves roundish ovate or heart-shaped and toothed, on slender jietioles, early 

 withering away ; stem-leaves all narrow : flowers several on sleiuler piMluncles which 

 are iiodding in fruit : calyx-lobes very slender : corolla campanulate : jiod ojiening 

 by small holes or valves close to the base. 



This, the common species round the northern hemisphere, occur! near the borders of the Staff- 

 north and east, and doubtless within the limlLs, growuig in crevices of rocks, in shady places. 

 Tho corolla varies from half an inch to an incli in length. 



« * Stem-leaves ovate or oblomf-lanceolate, toothed : capsules apparentlj/ not droopin;/ 

 in fruit, and openinfj by holes above the base. Species peculiar to Cali/nnna, except 

 the f}7-st, tvhich e.rtendv northivards. 



