,"30 liUKllAGlx^ACE.K. A'chiuusjn-rmum. 



tale, Watson, Bot. King Exp. 24G, t. 23, fig. 9 to 12. £. jxttulum, Lcliiii. in Hook, 

 Fl. ; Torr. l)ot. Wilkes Exp. 418, not of Lehni. Aspcr. A\ Lujjpula, Hook. & Arn. 

 Bot. Beecliey, not of Echiu. 



Var. cupulatum, (Iiay. Prickles of the fruit with broadened bases united into 

 a coriaeeiius wiug, which souietinies forms ii deej) imp on tho back of the nutliit, it.s 

 inargins incurved and thickened. — J'J. ulriduiu, Meoa in JMou-Wiod, Trav,, not of 

 Ledeb. A', litdowskil, var. stridum, Watson, 1. c. 



Dry plains, along the ciusturii side of the Siena Nevada ( W(Usmi, &c.), and through the whole 

 interior region, eastward to MinnesoUi and Te.\as (also in N. Asia). The variety with the other 

 form, and passing into it by gradations; sonietiines one of the four nutlets bordered with distinct 

 prickles, while the other three aie deeply cupped l.y their union up to near their harhed tips. — 

 The E. palulam of Silieria has the little tuhendis on the back and aides of tlie nutlets fewer and 

 arranged in regular rows, as indicated by Mr. Watson. 



2. E. deflexum, Eelun., var. floribundum, Watson. Biennial, lioary-pnbes- 

 cent or hirsute : stem erect, from a foot to 4 feet high, with erect paniculate 

 branches : leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 5 inches long : racemes jian- 

 icled, at length shuider ; the lower bract rather leafy, the upper ones minute or 

 wanting : peclicels slender, a Une or two long, much longer than the calyx, detlexed 

 in fruit : corolla sky-blue (rarely wliite), conspicuous, the limb a quarter to fidly 

 half an inch in diauietcr : nutlets bordered by a single row of numerous subulate 

 barbed prickles with hascs nu»re or less conlluent ; the Hattish bai;k miinittily rough- 

 granulate or rarely smooth ; tiie scar short ami broad : gynohase broadly conical- 

 pyramidal. — J'J. Jloribunduin, Lehm. ; Hook. 1. c. t. 104. 



Open woods, not rare through the State, and eastward to and beyond the Rocky Mountains ; 

 northward, on the borders of British Colunrbia, passing into the smaller-flowered and {(reener form 

 which well represents the European and Siberian K deflexum. On Mount Shasta, Prof. Hrewer 

 collected an ambiguous form, tall and stout, with upper eauline leaves ovate-lanceolate and partly 

 clasping, and fruit largti, the nutlets e([ually prickly all over the back ; perhaps u distinct species, 

 jiossibly E. dij)'ai>uni, Lehm. 



9. CYNOGLOSSUM, Tourn. lIouNo's-TONoub:. 



Calyx r)-parted, persistent, opiui in fruit. Corolla short-salverform or funnelform, 

 with conspicuous arching crests at the throat. Stamens and style included. Nut- 

 lets 4, clothed over the whole ba(;k with short ami stout prickles having minutely 

 barbed (glochidiate) tips, or sometimes merely muricate, oblitiue or horizontal 

 (although the lobes of the ovary are erect or ascending, and with an ascending 

 anatropous ovule), the inner angle being carried upwards by the growth of the 

 pyramidal gynt)basc to which the nutlets are affixed by a large scar, separating 

 at maturity froiu beluw uinvards, hanging for some time by a process which at 

 length peels off from the style. — Coarse and broad-leaved herbs, with lower leaves 

 large and loug-petioled, and middle-sized flowers in bractless panicled racemes ; the 

 nutlets forming " burs." 



C!. OKFiciNAi,K, biini., tlio common Ifound's-longue, is a coarse biennial weed of the Old World, 

 abundantly iiat\n-alized in the northern Atlantie States. It has not nuuhed California, ui.pi.r- 

 ontly. The plant so mime.l in the. Botany of iU'cciicy's Voynge doubtless belongs to the following 

 species. 



1. C. grande, I )ougl. A thick-rooted perennial, about 2 feet high, pubescent 

 when young witli mostly soft slender hairs, or the stem and the upper face of the 

 leaves glabrous : radical and lower eauline leaves ovate-oblong, usually rounded or 

 cordate at base, long-i)etiole(l ; the upper ones similar, but smaller and with taper- 

 ing base or short margined petiole : panicled racemes or cyme snuill, on a long 

 naked peduncle terminating the sbou : corolla blue or violet, its tube longer than 

 the calyx, but hardly longer than the ample roundish lobes. 



