S0TiANACEy1<:. 537 



OuDKii LXVH. SOLANACEiE. 



Herbs or slinibs (commonly rank-scented), with colorless juice, alternate leaves 

 and no stipules, regular 5-merous 5-androus flowers on ])ractless pedicels, the corolla 

 valvato or sometimes imbricated and usually plaited in the bud, a single style, and 

 a (normally) 2-celled ovary ; the fruit a many-seeded ])erry or capsule ; the embryo 

 slender and mostly curved in (leshy all)umcn : — distinguished from Scrop/iularincea' 

 by the regular 5-androus flowers ; from tlie preceding orders with free calyx and 

 stamens as many as the lobes of the regular corolla, by the plaited corolla along 

 with a single style, placenta} in the axis, numerous seeds, curved embryo, &c. Seeds 

 campylotropous or aniphitropous. Calyx usually persistent. Flowers solitary or 

 cymose, mostly unaccompanied by bracts, and the cymes or their branches oftener 

 socund or scorpioid an<l imitating racemes, in the manner of Borrar/lnaceo', &c. 

 Leaves commoidy uno(piaIly geminate, and peduncle distant from the nearest leaf. 



A largo mid widely difrnscd onlfr, iiiiiinly airctitinf; tlio wnnuor imi ts nf tlin woilil, Imt moat 

 spiniiif^ly roiircaciitcd in Califonna. Narcotic and poisonous proportios provail in it, as oxcnipli- 

 licil by tlie Dpiidly Niglitsliado of Kiiropo (Jf.ropa /JcNadoiina), Ilonlmiin {Jfi/nnci/iriivi.s), Tohncco, 

 kc. Nevertheless it rnrnishes important esculents, such as the Tomato and ICgg-plant, condi- 

 ments, such as Capsicum, and one staple article of farinaceous food, the I'otato. 



Tlie five natural tribes which the order comprises being rather diflicult to characterize, and the 

 Californian genera few, it is more convenient to omit the former from the synopsis, in which, 

 liowovor, the natural armngomcnt is mainly followed. 



NicANDKA rnvsALOioKs, Ga;rtncr, sometimes called Apple of IVru, a widely dispersed weed 

 of waste grounds and gardens, is very lil<ely to be introduced, but has not yet been met with. It 

 is like a tall Phymlis, but larger-Howered, very smooth, and with a fivc-ccllcd berry, which dries 

 as it ripens and bursts irregularly like a capsule. 



I. Fruit a berry, from an ovary of 2 or rarely (except in cultivated plants) of 3 or more cells : 



embrj'o coiled or curved. 



* Corolla rotate or barely campanulate, valvate and mostly induplicatc or ])laited in the bud. 



1. Lycopersicum. Anthers united into a cone ; the cells oponiiif,' lenj^thwisc down tlie inside : 



filaments very short. Leaves pinnately compound, the loadi'ts stalked, lierry naked. 



2. Solanum. Anthers distinct, Init generally conniviiifr, longer tlinn the liiaments ; their cells 



opening at the ape.K by a hole or slit, but often almi longitudinallv. 



3. Capsicum. Anthers distinct, sliort, not longer than tli(! iiliinicnt, "the colls opening length- 



wise, without a terminal hole. Calyx herbaceous, girting only the ba.sc of the berry, 

 and with little or no border or lobes. 



4. Chamseaaracha. Anthers distim^t and not connivcnt, short, on slender rilamenf.s, opening 



lengthwise. Calyx enlarging close around but not completely enclosing the berry, not 

 reticulate- veiny. 



5. Physalis. Anthers distinct, opening lengthwise, without pores. Calyx enlarging, becoming 



bladdery-inflated and reticulate-veiny, enclosing the berry. 



♦ ♦ Corolla tubular or funnolform, imbricated or induplicatc-plaitcd in the bud. 



6. Oryctes. Ilerbaceous. Calyx r)-i)arted. Corolla ntoothed. 



7. Lycium. Diffusely brandioil .shrubs, commonly sjuny, with entire loaves. Calyx 3-5- 



toothed or cleft. Corolla 4 - fi-lobed. Hcrry minutely stalked in the calyx. 



II. Fruit a capsule, but .sometimes a fleshy one : corolla plaited in the bud. 

 * Calyx deciduous, leaving a short base under the fruit : seeds large : embryo curved. 



8. Datura. Capsule dry, or somewhat succulent but at length bursting, prickly, 2-celled, and 



the cells incompletely again 2-celled. Corolla convulute ius well as plaited" (i. e. tlie plaits 

 convolute) in the bud. 



♦ * Calyx persistent : seeds small : embryo sliorter, stnilKhtish. 



9. Nicotiana. Capsule smooth, with 2 (rarely more) simple cells, sjilittinfr at the apex into as 



many valves, and these 2-cleft, mostly enclosed in the tube of the toothed or IoImmI calyx. 

 10. Petunia. Capsule smootli, 2-celled, 8imi)Iy 2-valvcd. Calyx 5-partcd, with narrow and 

 foliaceous lobes. 



