SCROPIIULARIACEyE. 547 



lower) lobes. Ovary 2-celled, the placentic l)eing firmly united in tlio axis (or in 

 Mimulus § Diplactis little if at all so) : ovules V(!ry numerous or occasionally few ; 

 anatxopous or amphitropous. Seeds mostly small. — Herbs, or sometimes shrubs, 

 very rarely trees, destitute of colored juice, with the general inflorescence indeter- 

 minate in all genuine members of tlie order, but when compound the partial in- 

 florescence determinate, i. o. the axillary clusters are cymes : in Veronica, (fee, in- 

 dotorminato, i. e. racemes or si)ikoa. 



A Inrgo nnd wido-aproad finiiily, of ovor 150 f^onora, luunoronsly roprofloiitwl in California, 

 Goiiernily Litterish, many inert, soino narcotic-poisonous, tiic common I'^oxglovo {Dixjilalis) of 

 Europe useful in medicine and ornamental in cultivation, as are species of Pailstcmon, Collinsia, 

 Mimulus, and others. 



I. Upper lip of the corolla covering the lower in the hud. 

 * Stamens all five present and anther-bearing. 



1. Verbaacum. Corolla wheel-shaped. Filaments woolly. Leaves alternate, 



♦ * Stamens two pairs with anthcra, or one pair in No. 4 : capsule opening by holes or chinks 

 near the apex : corolla personate, gibbous or spurred at base anteriorly : peduncles 1-Howered. 



2. Linaria. Corolla strongly bilabiate, spurred at base, 



3. Antirrhinum. Corolla only saccate or gibbous at base. Stamens 4. 



4. Mohavea. t'orolla merely gibbous at base. Fertile stamens 2 : anthers coniluently 1 -celled. 



♦ * * Stanjens two pairs with anthers : cajisule opening from top to bottom by valves : leaves all 



opposite or whorled; 

 +- Stigma small and entire or minntoly 2-cleft : calyx 5-i)artcd. 



6. Scrophularia. Corolla erect, short and A'cntric-oso, with 5 short lobes ; the anterior one 



reflexed, the others erect : a scale in the throat on the upper side answers to the fifth 

 stamen. Peduncles cymosely sovoral-floworeil. 

 C. Collinsia, Corolla declined, with ventricoso tube gibbous posteriorly, bilabiate, the middle 

 lobe of the lower lip folded lengthwise into a sac which encloses the stamens and stylo : a 

 gland on the liaso ol the corolla answers to the fifth stamen. Peduncles 1 -dowered. 



7. Tonella. Corolla obscurely if at all bilabiate ; the lobes rotately spreading, flat : otherwise 



nearly as Colliimn. 



8. Pentstemon. Corolla more or less bilabiate, o])e.\\. Sterile filament of the fifth (posterior) 



stamen long and conspicuous. 



■i-+- Stigma dilated, 2-lippcd, or a broad disk ; peduncles all 1 -flowered. 



0. Mimulus. Calyx 5-toothed or barely 5-cleft, 5-angled. Cells of the anther contiguous. 



10. Stemodla. Calyx deeply 6-parted. Cells of the anther separated, as if stalked. 



♦ * * * Stamens only a single pair with anthers : the anterior pair reduced to sterile filaments 

 or sometimes wanting altogether : capsule opening from top to bottom by valves : stigma of 2 

 flat lobes : calyx 5-partcd : leaves all opposite : ]iedunelcs 1 -flowered. 



11. Gratiola. Sterile filaments simjile or none. Cansnlo 4-valved. 



12. Ilysauthes. Sterile filaments uneipially 2-forkcd, borne high on the throat of the corolla. 



II. Lower lip of the corolla covering the upper in the buil. 

 • Corolla rotate or short-campanulate, not evidently bilabiate. 



13. Limosella. Calyx (S-toothed) and corolla (.'i-cleft) campnnulate, nearly regular. Stamens 4, 



nearly eipial : anthers coniluently 1 -celled. I'eiluncles scape-like, l-llowered. 



14. Synthyris. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla 4 -lobcd, campanulate. Stamens 2 : anthers 2-celled. 



Flowers racemed. Leaves alternate. 



15. Veronica. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla rotate, 4-lobed ; the lower lobe narrower. Stamens 



2 : cells of the anther confluent at their tips. Flowers mostly racemed and leaves 

 opposite. 



♦ • Corojlii. lllbninr ; the nppev Up (ijnlfii) erect or Incnrvcd. Inlnnilly conipn'MMcd ; llie l(i\v(>r 

 variinis : stanions a,siMMiding under or enclosed in the upper li]t : ciipsiilc lucidicidnl : (lowers 

 spicato or rarely racemed." 



+- Anthers une<pially 2-celled or sonu-tinios I-ccIIimI. 



16. Castilleia. Corolla narrow', with lower lip very .short, or small in iiro|)nrtinn to (he upper. 



("alyx tubular, cleft anteriorly or i)osteiinrly or iioth. Mostly perenniMls. 



