THE BOTANISTS OF PIIILADELPIIIA. 53 



subscribed ten guineas each per annum, the vahie to be 

 returned to them in American seeds and roots. Some years 

 later, Bartram was appointed botanist to the king, at a saLary 

 of fifty pounds a year — one of tlie wisest expenditures a king- 

 ever made, for it introduced into English parks and gardens 

 every vegetable production of North America which could 

 be of value. In 1735 we find Collinson sending, in addi- 

 tion to various fruit and shade trees, many flowers which 

 seem to have been new to America, to Bartram witli others, 

 like lilacs and double narcissus, which Bartram complains 

 are already too numerous, as the roots Ijrought l)y the early 

 settlers had spread enormously. 



" Among the new flowers for America we find tulips, 

 double sweet-briar roses, twenty sorts of crocus, lilies, nar- 

 cissus, gladiolus, iris and snap-dragon, also the perennial 

 oriental poppy, cyclamens and carnations, while in return 

 Bartram sends Collinson bush honey-suckles, fiery lilies, 

 mountain-laurel, dog-tooth violets, wild asters, gentians, 

 ginseng and sweet fern, with magnolia, tulip and locust 

 trees, the hornbeam, witchhazel, cones of the spruce and 

 hemlock, red and white cedar, and seeds of the sugar maple, 

 about which the Englishmen were very curious.* Nor did 

 he confine his services to Great Britain. He sent American 

 plants and seeds to Linnaeus and to botanists all over 



Europe.f 



With the ' stimulus given to him through corres- 

 pondence and exchange with European botanists and 

 horticulturists he employed much of his time in traveling 

 through the different provinces of North America, at that 



* The Asa Qray Bulletin, IH, April, 1895, p. 15. 



fPARTON— iroocZ's Household Magazine, October, 1871, p. 169. 



