VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION 



217 



receive it, and the tissues down to the cambium arc separated from 

 the woody column (Fig. 164). The cambium-layer of the shield is 

 placed in contact with the wood, and the whole is hound up with bast 

 and wax to exclude air and intrusive funi^i. The two living tissues 

 form each a callus, which unites, and their junction is such that the 

 woody column of the stock provides the transpiration stream to tiic 



(After Figuier.) 



I'iG. 166. 

 A|>i)ioaili-graftiiig or iiianhing. 

 l-"iguier.) 



(AftlT 



alien bud. Grafting is essentially the same process ; but a woody *:hoot 

 with a number of buds is removed, and inserted upon a correspond- 

 ingly cut surface of the stock, so that botli the active cambial tissues 

 of both shall be in contact (Fig. 165). Inarching or approach-grafting 

 is similar, but has the advantage of both plants remaining rooted till 

 the union is complete (Fig. 166). After the bud or graft hiis fully 

 united with the stock the head of the stock is removed, and the graft 

 or bud takes its place, retaining its original fjualities. Hut according 

 to the vigour of the stock it may mature earlier in the season, and 



