C 191 ) 



with clean items, five or fix feet high, 

 for ftandards, or in proportion for half 

 ftandards, &x. but when defigned as 

 dwarfs for walls or efpaliers, they mould 

 be headed while young to ten or twelve 

 incheSvto obtain lower branches, as for- 

 merly obferved for other dwarf trees. 



By Cuttings. — In Autumn or Spring 

 cut off a quantity of laft year's ftrong 

 moots, from eight or ten, to twelve 

 inches long, retaining their tops entire* 

 and plant them in a fhady border, to re* 

 main till Autumn or Spring following; 

 then, the plants being rooted, fet them 

 out in the nurfery, to be trained like the 

 layer-railed plants* 



By Grafting.— This is fometimes 



praclifed to continue and improve any 



C c defirabie 



