Instructioks for Pruning, Budding, &c. xvii 



tinguifh it from inoculation; from which it differs, by 

 performing the operation before the fap has rifen in a 

 high degree; the fhoot taken for this purpofe is called 

 the Cion, or Graft, the befl; are, the fiioots of a former 

 year, to be taken from trees in vigour, whofe joints are 

 compaftand clofe, and from lateral or horizontal branch-, 

 es, to be cut from the tree, before the buds begin to 

 fvvell," which is generally three weeks or a month before 

 the feafon for grafting; therefore as foon as the Cions 

 are cut, they fhould be bid in the ground with the cut 

 downwards, burning them half their length, covering 

 their tops with dry litter, and if a fmall joint of ihe for- 

 mer year's wood is cut off with them, they will keep 

 the better, and if they are to be carried to a diftance, 

 they mufl: be put in clay, or wrapped up in mofs. 



For the operation, you mufl: be provided with the fol- 

 lowing inflruments; i. A fmall hand faw to cutoff the 

 heads of flocks, on which the Cion is to be grafted. 2. 

 A knife with a thick back, to make clefts in the flocks. 

 3. A fliarp grafting- knife, with a flat handle fbmewhat 

 like an ivory paper cutler, but narrower, this is to raife 

 the bark from the wood, which is to be clofed on the 

 Cion. 4. A grafting chifTel with a fmall mallet, 5. Strings 

 of bafs matting or woollen yarn, the matting if laid in 

 water fome tmie before, will make it better fof ufe. 6. 

 A quantity of compofl to be thus prepared; take fomc 

 ffrong fat loam, alfo fome ftonehorfe dung to break into 

 the loam, with a little tanner's hair, this will add to its 

 binding quality, as fait will to its moiflure, fo as to pre- 

 vent it cracking in dry weather, thefe are to be well 

 worked together with water, as you make mortar ; and 

 to be repeated feveral days: this compofition is not to be 

 expofed to the frofl or diying winds, and the more it is 

 wrought the better. 



The four ways of performing this operation are as fol- 

 low : 



1. Rind- gr aft ingi called fhoulder-grafting, proper for 

 large trees, and by fome called crown-grafting, as the 

 grafts are fct in the form of a circle or crowu ; tlie end 

 of March or the beginning of April, is the proper time. 

 'I hii method is feldom practifed but on large trees, whofe 

 heads or a large branch are to be cut off horizontally, 



and 



