Instructions for Pruning, Budding, &c. xxix 

 wall, and in winter liave the difcipline of a Adoiv' 

 bawk, for fuch I call tlufe amputating gardeners: But in 

 this they are much millaken, as the Ipring is the feafon 

 for our attention, when their growth is vigorous: Now 

 foreright Ihoots are to be pinched off (fee a figure i8) 

 (always obferving never to ufe the knile when your fin- 

 gers can fupply its place) good wood is to be provided, 

 and all ufelefs branches to be difplaced, whereby nature 

 will not be employed to any ufelefs piupofe. Others 

 there are who give their trees the fummer pruning, but 

 negle6l them in y^/)r/7 and May, when their fhoots are 

 produced, and only furvey them at midfummcr, nailing 

 up their branches, except fore-right flioots, which they 

 cut off with other parts of the tree, and perhaps fuch 

 to whom the knife is death, by emitting its vitals, in 

 bleeding fome, and forcing others to difcharge their gums, 

 not diftinguifhing when the ufe of the knife is allowable. 

 Thus far we have proceeded to expofe thefe ill pra6tices, 

 in hopes they v/ill be correGed, and to roufe the gentle- 

 man and the gardener to attend to nature, whofe pur- 

 fuits we have made the principles of our fcience; thefe 

 are given in treating of each particular tree, ranged in 

 alphabetical order. 



Rnjherry. The feafon for dreHing them is October, 

 when all old wood tjiat produced fruit the preceding fum- 

 mer, fhould be cut down below the furface of the ground, 

 and the young (hoots of the fame year, mufl: be Hiorten- 

 ed to about three feet in length, and the fpaces between 

 the rows fhould be well dug to encourage their growth, 

 and a little rotten dung would add much to their vigour, 

 and encreafe the largenefs of the fruit; in fummer care 

 mufl: be taken to keep them clear of weeds, and the 

 plantation fhould be renev/ed every three or four years. 



Standards. They fhould never have theii branches 

 fhortened, unlcfs where they are very luxuriant, or grow- 

 too much on one fide, for proportion fhould be preferv- 

 ed; but this cutting is only allowable to Pears and Ap- 

 ples, as the flone-fruit-trees would gum and ilecay by 

 amputation; but when this is abfolutcly neccflary for the 

 latter, you mull remedy the evil by (lopping the gum, 

 or pinching the (hoots in fpring, before tiicy obtain too 



c 4 much 



