36 The Gardfner's New Director. 



except to fupply vacancies in walls, or to cut ou$ 

 luxuriant branches, which you can foon difcover, by 

 their being ftrong and woody, and with very long fpaces 

 betwixt the eyes or buds, which laft appearance denotes 

 them to be woody, and confequently not fruitful. Laft- 

 ly, all branches which are to continue on the trees^ 

 ought to be laid horizontally, whether on walls or efpa- 

 liers, and that they be kept at a good diftance one from 

 another, according to the fiz,e of their leaves and fruit; 

 in fuch a manner as not to be crowded, but that both the 

 fruit and fhoots may have plenty of air and fun to ripen 

 them kindly. 



Pears for Efpaliers and Walls, with fome Particulars re- 

 lative to their graftings training, pruning, ^c, 



AS to Pears, the fummer and autumn forts ripen ex- 

 tremely well upon efpaliers ; but the winter kinds, 

 euher for baking or eating, muft have fouth-eaft, fouth, 

 or fouth-weft walls; what are called late autumn Pears 

 in England, will not ripen in Scotland, except upon walls. 

 All the buttery, or melting forts of pears, fhould be 

 grafted on qumce flocks, fuch as the 



Grey and red Butter Pears, , 



Cuife Madame. 



Crafane Pear. 



The good Lewis Pear. 



The L'Echaflerie. 



The Virgoleufe. 



The Winter Thorn. 



St. Germain. 



Cadilliac, 



Dotfor Uvcdale's St. Germain. 



Thje German Mufcat, and fome others. 



But this method of grafting upon Quince flocks, h 

 only to be performed where you have a good flrong 

 holding foil, otherwife they are better on free flocks. 

 When you prepare the borders for planting, there ought 



to 



