The Gardener's New Director. -85 



cyder-maker is not a little, as they produce that fort, 

 which, amongfl: the lovers of that liquor, has always the 

 preference. The i'carcity of this kind has ever been la- 

 mented, from the variety of ules it is of value in, par- 

 ticularly that of improving other cyders, and giving them 

 luch fpirit and ftrength, as not only renders them pkafant, 

 but enables them to be kept a long time 



The Wilding, as it (lands in our hedges, is many 

 years before it comes into bearing, fo as to be of value ; 

 but fliould we follow the method taken with our other 

 fruit-trees, their perfection would be quickened, fo as to 

 be of ufe in feven years, whereas now it is above twen- 

 ty before you can have fruit. In lome meafure to account 

 for this quicknefs to maturity, which is procured by graft- 

 ing, or inoculation, &c. that is the planting of one tree 

 in another ; one receives its fupport immediately from 

 the earth, whofe juices after pafling through its fibres, 

 are communicated to the other; this improves the tex- 

 ture, refines the tafle of the fruit, and invigorates the 

 tree fo much that is inlerted in it, by inoculation or 

 grafting, that it produces fruit much earlier than it other- 

 wife would have done. 



Of Efpaliers. 



HAving laid out and furnifhed the different walls of 

 the Kitchen-garden, I fhall proceed to direc^^ the 

 Efpaliers, and the fruits to be planted upon them in this 

 garden. It was formerly the practice to have fruit-trees 

 planted in the quarters, and in the borders which divided 

 them; experience has fliewn this pradice to be wrong, 

 for by thefe trees overfhadowing the ground, the crops 

 were deftroyed ; this inconvenience introduced into our 

 Britip kitchen-gardens the method of planting fruit-trees 

 upon efpaliers. 



An efpalier is a trelace of wood fecured in the ground, 

 to which the branches of fruit-trees are faftened in an 

 horizontal pofition, and in fuch a manner, as that the fun 

 and air may ripen their fruits, as well as the crops in 

 the quarters, round which they are ufually planted, and 

 are to run parallel with the walls of the garden, and 

 C 3 havo 



