226 THE HYDROLYZING ENZYMES 



ANTIENZYMES. 



Like the proteins and the poisonous products of bacterial metabolism, 

 the various enzymes, when injected into the circulation of living 

 organisms, give rise to specific Antibodies, or substances in the circula- 

 tion of the immunized animal which combine with the enzyme which 

 has been injected. 



The Antienzymes thus produced are highly specific and bind only 

 the enzyme employed for immunization. Normal blood, however, 

 contains appreciable amounts of antitrypsin and also of antirennet, 

 which latter, however, is stated not to be identical with the antirennet 

 produced by immunization. The antienzymes appear as a rule to be 

 very resistant to heat, withstanding for some time a temperature of 

 70 without losing their power of inhibiting digestion of the enzymes 

 which they bind. 



Antipepsin and Antitrypsin also occur in notable quantities in the 

 tissues of Intestinal Worms, and it is to this that their immunity to 

 digestion is attributed. The immunity of the tissues of the stomach 

 to digestion by the gastric juice which they produce, and of the tissues 

 of the intestine to digestion by pancreatic juice is similarly attributed 

 to the normal presence, in these tissues, of antienzymes. 



The antigenic property of the enzymes rather strongly points toward 

 their ultimate protein nature, for up to the present no substance has 

 been found to produce antibodies on injection which has not been a 

 protein, or a substance possibly contaminated by a protein. 



REFERENCES. 

 GENERAL: 



Taylor: Fermentation, Univ. of California Pub. Pathology, 1907, 1, 87. 



Bayliss: The Nature of Enzyme Action. London, 1914. 



Euler: General Chemistry of the Enzymes. Trans, by Pope. New York, 1912. 



Arrhenius: Quantitative Laws in Biological Chemistry. London, 1915. 



Effront: Biochemical Catalysts in Life and Industry. Trans, by Prescott. New 

 York, 1917. 



Robertson: The Physical Chemistry of the Proteins. New York, 1918. 

 INFLUENCE or TEMPERATURE: 



Arrhenius: Immunochemistry. New York, 1907. 

 INFLUENCE OF REACTION: 



Kanitz: Zeit. f. physiol. Chem., 1902-3, 37, p. 75. 



Berg and Gies: Jour. Biol. Chem., 1906-7, 2, p. 489. 



Robertson and Schmidt: Ibid., 1908-9, 5, p. 31. 



Loeb: Biochem. Zeitsch., 1909, 19, p. 534. 

 SPECIFICITY : 



Armstrong: The Simple Carbohydrates and the Glucosides. London. 2d ed. 



Fischer and Bergell: Ber. d. d. chem. Ges., 1903, 36, p. 2592; 1904, 37, p. 3103. 



Dakin: Jour, of Physiol., 1904, 30, p. 253; 1905, 32, p. 199. 



Fischer and Abderhalden: Zeit. f. physiol. Chem., 1903, 39, p. 81; 1905, 46, p. 52; 

 1907, 51, p. 264. 



Abderhalden and collaborators (Bergell, Rona, Samuely, Teruuchi, Babkin, Hunter, 

 Kautzsch, Schittenhelm, Koelker, Gigon, Deetjen, McLester, Manwaring, Lussana, 

 Rilliet, Strauss, Dammhahn, Pringsheim, Pincussohn, Weichardt, Heise, Medigre- 

 ceanu, Walther): Zeit. f. physiol. Chem., 1903, 39, p. 9; 1905, 46, pp. 176 and 

 187; 1906, 47. pp. 159, 346, 359, 391, 466; 1906, 48, pp. 537 and 557; 1906, 49, pp. 

 1, 21, 26, 31; 1907, 51, pp. 294, 311, 334; 1907-8, 54, p. 363; 1908, 55, pp. 371, 

 377, 384, 390, 395, 416; 1908, 57, p. 332; 1909, 59, p. 249; 1909, 60, p. 415; 1909, 

 61, p. 200; 1909, 62, pp. 120, 136, 145, 243; 1910, 66, pp. 265, 277; 1910, 68, p. 471. 



