BIOLOGICAL INDIVIDUALITY OF TISSUES 333 



enable it to be distinguished from casein. It is non-toxic, but whether 

 this lack of toxicity is attributable to the masking of the toxic proper- 

 ties of protamine by its combination with casein, or to the smallness 

 of the proportion of protamine contained in the compound, has not yet 

 been definitely established. It gives rise to antibodies for Casein by 

 virtue of its casein-content, just as casein gives rise to antibodies for 

 its infraprotein split-product Paranuclein, but it does not give rise to 

 any antibody which will react with its protamine constituent. Globin 

 caseinate, however, differs very markedly in its antigenic behavior 

 from either of its constituents. In the first place it is non-toxic, and 

 the failure to exhibit toxicity can hardly be attributable to dilution of 

 the globin constituent by admixture with casein since globin caseinate 

 contains 66 per cent, of globin (see Chapter VIII). Still more striking 

 is the fact that it yields antibodies which react (i. e., display Alexin- 

 fixation) not only with the casein constituent of the compound but also 

 with the globin constituent. It would appear evident, therefore, that 

 injection of globin caseinate into animals gives rise to an antibody 

 which does not appear in response to separate injections of its con- 

 stituents. We have in this case therefore an instance created in labora- 

 tory glassware of what we have assumed to occur in tissue-fluids, 

 namely the formation of a protein complex which differs from other 

 proteins, even from those out of which it is itself built up, in the anti- 

 bodies to which it gives rise when it is injected into animals. 



REFERENCES. 

 GENERAL: 



Loeb: Studies in General Physiology, Chicago, 1905. The Dynamics of Living 



Matter, New York, 1906 The Mechanistic Conception of Life, Chicago, 1912. 



The Organism as a Whole, New York, 1916. 



Robertson: Ergeb. der Physiol., 1910, 10, p. 216 (consult for literature). 

 EFFECTS OF REMOVAL OF CALCIUM: 



Macallum: On the Mechanism of the Physiological Action of the Cathartics, 



University of California Pubs., Physiology, 1906. 



Meltzer and Auer: Am. Jour. Physiol., 1905, 14, p, 366; 1908, 21, p. 400. 

 Merckx: Arch. Int. Pharmaco-dynamie, 1906, 16, p. 301. 

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Hertz, Cook and Schlesinger: Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., London, 1908, 2, p. 23. 

 Robertson and Burnett: Jour. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 1911-12, 3, p. 635. 

 ANTAGONISTIC ACTION OF SALTS AND BALANCED SOLUTIONS: 



Loeb: Am. Jour. Physiol., 1899-1900, 3, p. 434. Proc. Nat. Ac. Sc., Washington, 



U. S. A., 1915, 1, p. 473. Jour. Biol. Chem., 1915, 23, p. 423. 

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46, p. 53; 1913, 55, p. 446; 1914, 58, pp. 178, 272, 367; 1915, 59, pp. 242, 317; 



1915, 60, p. 228. University of California Publications, Botany, 1907, 2, p 317; 



Jour. Biol. Chem., 1905-06, 1, p. 363; 1914, 19, pp. 335, 493, 517; 1918, 34, p. 



363. Zeit. Physikal. Chem., 1909, 70, p. 408. Science N. S., 1911, 34, p. 187; 



1912, 35, pp. Ill and 112; 1912, 36, pp. 350 and 637; 1913, 37, p. Ill; 1914, 40, 



p. 214; 1916, 44, pp. 318, 395; 1917, 45, p. 97. The Plant World, 1913, 16, p. 



129. Jahrb. wiss Botan., 1914, 54, p. 645. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1916, 55, p. 



533. 



Lillie: Am. Jour. Physiol., 1912, 30, p. 1. 

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 Waynick: Univ. California Pubs., Agric. Sc. , 1918, 3, p. 135. 



