CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY 445 



Even processes similar in form to Pseudopodia are thrown out and 

 retracted. These movements are due to the changes in interfacial 

 tension caused by unequal diffusion of the camphor from the benzole 

 into the water. They may be slowed by adding some viscous fluid, 

 e. g., olive oil to the benzol solution and finally, when about an equal 

 volume of olive oil has been added, we no longer obtain ameboid 

 movements but, instead, we observe an incessant streaming movement 

 of the fluid within the drops, exactly resembling those seen within the 

 protoplasm of a plant-cell such as Chara. If the streaming movements 

 are not easily perceived owing to the transparency of the drop, the 

 addition of a little finely powdered arrowroot starch will render them 

 manifest, and impose a still more close resemblance to the actual 

 appearance of streaming movements in protoplasm. 



REFERENCES. 



INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE UPON LIFE PROCESSES: 



Cohen: Physical Chemistry for Physicians and Biologists, trans, by Fischer, New 



York, 1903. 



Robertson: Biol. Bull., 1906, 10, p. 242. Arch. Internat. de PhysioL, 1908, 6, p. 388. 

 Maxwell: Jour. Biol. Chem., 1907, 3, p. 359. 

 Lucas: Jour. Physiol., 1908, 37, p. 112. The Conduction of the Nervous Impulse, 



London, 1917. 



Ganter: Pfliiger's Arch , 1912, 146, p. 185. 

 Loeb: The Mechanistic Conception of Life, Chicago, 1912. The Organism as a 



Whole, New York, 1916. 



Kanitz: Tempera tur und Lebensvorgange, Berlin, 1915 (consult for literature). 

 INFLUENCE OF LIGHT UPON LIFE PROCESSES: 



Kober: Jour. Biol. Chem., 1915, 22, p. 433. 



Harris and Hoyl: Science, N. S., 1917, 46, p. 318. 



Loeb: Forced Movements, Tropisms and Animal .Conduct, Philadelphia, 1918 



(consult for literature). 

 PHOTOSYNTHESIS : 



Palladin: Plant Physiology, trans, by Livingstone, Philadelphia, 1918. 

 Jost: Plant Physiology , trans, by Gibson, Oxford, 1907. 

 Czapek: Biochemie der Pflanzen. Jena, 1913. 



Blackman and Matthaei: Proc. Roy. Soc., London, 1905, B 76, p. 402. 

 Usher and Priestley: Ibid., 1905-6, 77, p. 369; 1906, 78, p. 318; 1911-12, 84, p. 101. 

 Loeb, W.: Zeit. f. Elektrochem., 1905, 11, p. 745. 

 Parkin: Biochemical Jour., 1912, 6, p. 1. 

 MUSCULAR CONTRACTION AND MOTILITY OF PROTOPLASM: 

 Imbert: Archives d. Physiol., 5th ser. , 1897, 9, p. 289. 



McDougal: Jour of Anat. and Physiol., 1897, 31, pp. 410 and 539; 1898, 32, p. 187. 

 Bernstein: Pfliiger's Arch., 1901, 85, p. 271. 

 Robertson: Trans. Roy. Soc. of South Australia, 1905, 29, p. 1. Quar. Jour. Exp. 



Physiol., 1909, 2, p. 303. Science, N. S., 1912, 36, p. 446. 

 Lillie: Am. Jour. Physiol., 1908, 22, p. 75. 

 Maxwell and Rayleigh: Article on Capillary Action, llth ed., Encyclopedia 



Britannica, 5, p. 256. 



