THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF ANIMALS. 89 



Foraminifera, we find only indefinite evidence of the coal- 

 escence of aggregates of the first order, into aggregates of the 

 second order. There are solitary Foraminifers, allied to the 

 creature represented in Fig. 134. Certain ideal types of 

 combination among them, are shown in Fig. 141. And 

 setting out from these, we may ascend in various directions 

 to kinds compounded to an immense variety of degrees in an 

 immense variety of ways. In all of them, however, the 

 separability of the major individuality into minor indivi- 

 dualities, is very incomplete. The portion of sarcode con- 

 tained in one of these calcareous chambers, gives origin to 

 an external bud; and this presently becomes covered, like 

 its parent, with calcareous matter: the position in which 

 each successive chamber is so produced, determining the 

 form of the compound shell. But the portions of sarcode 

 thus budded out one from another, do not become distinctly 

 individualized. Fig. 142, representing the living net-work 

 which remains when the shell of an Orbitolite has been dis- 

 solved, shows the continuity that exists among the occupants 

 of its aggregated chambers.* In the compound 



Infusoria, the component units remain quite distinct. Being, 

 as aggregates of the first order, much more definitely or- 

 ganized, their union into aggregates of the second order does 



that he had made the surrounding curves much more obviously related to 

 the contained bodies, than they were in the original (in Dr. Carpenter's For- 

 aminifcra); and having looked on while he in great measure remedied this 

 defect, thought no further care was needed. Now, however, on seeing the 

 figure in the printer's proof, I find that the engraver, swayed by the same 

 supposition as the draughtsman that such a relation was meant to be shown, 

 has made his lines represent it still more decidedly than those of the draughts- 

 man before they were corrected. Thus, vague linear representations, like 

 vague verbal ones, are apt to grow more definite when repeated. Hypothesis 

 warps perceptions as it warps thoughts. 



* Though the subdivision into chambers of the shell does not correspond 

 to the subdivision into cell-units it may still be held that since in the solitary 

 types the subdivision of the nucleus is followed by formation of new indi- 

 viduals which separate, and since in the compound types the subdivision of 

 the nucleus is followed by growth and formation of new chambers, the com- 

 pound type must be regarded as an aggregate of the second order. 



