498 LAWS OF MULTIPLICATION. 



between Genesis and each separate element of Individuation 

 growth, development, activity. We are scarcely at all 

 hampered by qualifications when, from contemplating these 

 special relations, we return to the general relation. The 

 antagonism between Individuation and Genesis is shown by 

 all the facts which have been grouped under each head. We 

 have seen that in ascending from the lowest to the highest 

 types, there is a decrease of fertility so great as to be abso- 

 lutely inconceivable, and even inexpressible by figures; and 

 whether the superiority of type consists in relative largeness, 

 in greater complexity, in higher activity, or in some or all of 

 these combined, matters not to the ultimate inference. The 

 broad fact, enough for us here, is that organisms in which 

 the integration and differentiation of matter and motion have 

 been carried furthest, are those in which the rate of multipli- 

 cation has fallen lowest. How much of the decline of repro- 

 ductive power is due to the greater integration of matter, 

 how much to its greater differentiation, how much to the 

 larger amounts of integrated and differentiated motions gene- 

 rated, it may be impossible to say; and it is not needful to 

 say. These are all elements of a higher degree of life, an 

 augmented ability to maintain the organic equilibrium amid 

 environing actions, an increased power of self-preservation; 

 and we find their invariable accompaniment to be, a dimi- 

 nished expenditure of matter, or motion, or both, in race- 

 preservation. 



In brief, then, examination of the evidence shows that 

 there does exist that relation which we inferred must exist. 

 Arguing from general data, we saw that for the maintenance 

 of a species, the ability to produce offspring must be great, 

 in proportion as the ability of the individuals to contend with 

 destroying forces is small; and conversely. Arguing from 

 other general data, we saw that, derived a's the self-sustain- 

 ing and race-sustaining forces are from a common stock of 

 force, it necessarily happens that, other things equal, increase 

 of one involves decrease of the other. And then, turning 



