CONTENTS 



PAGE 



INTRODUCTION . . .;.... 1 



PART I 



THE STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SEED PLANTS 



CHAPTER 



I. THE SEED AND ITS GERMINATION 5 



II. THE STORAGE OF FOOD IN THE SEED 8 



III. MOVEMENTS, DEVELOPMENT, AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE SEED- 



LING 12 



IV. ROOTS 19 



V. SOME PROPERTIES OF CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN THE 



ROOT 34 



VI. STEMS 40 



VII. STRUCTURE OF THE STEM 57 



VIII. LIVING PARTS OF THE STEM ; WORK OF THE STEM 71 



IX. BUDS 80 



X. LEAVES 88 



XL LEAF ARRANGEMENT FOR EXPOSURE TO SUN AND AIR ; HELIO- 



TROPIC MOVEMENTS OF LEAVES AND SHOOTS 94 



XII. MINUTE STRUCTURE OF LEAVES ; FUNCTIONS OF LEAVES . . . 102 



XIII. THE FLOWER OF THE HIGHER SEED PLANTS 123 



XIV. INFLORESCENCE 132 



XV. ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE OF FLORAL ORGANS ; POLLINATION AND 



FERTILIZATION 138 



XVI. THE FRUIT . . 146 



PART II 



THE MORPHOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND CLASSIFICATION 

 OF PLANTS 



XVII. THE PRINCIPLES OF MORPHOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND CLASSIFI- 

 CATION 151 



XVIII. THE LOWEST ORGANISMS AND THE CELL AS THE LIFE UNIT . . 156 

 XIX. THE THALLOPHYTES 172 



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