TREES, SHRUBS, AND HERBS 



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59. Trees, shrubs, and herbs. Plants of the largest size, with 

 a main trunk of a woody structure, are called trees. Shrubs 

 differ from trees in their smaller size, and generally in having 

 several stems which proceed from the ground or near it, or in 

 having much-forked stems. The witch-hazel, the dogwoods, and 



FIG. 30. Tip of a branch of magnolia, illustrating forking due to 

 terminal flower buds 



A, oldest flower-bud scar; B, C, D, scars of successive seasons after A; L, leaf 

 buds ; F, flower buds 



the alders, for instance, are most of them classed as shrubs for 

 this reason, though in height some of them equal the smaller 

 trees. Some of the smallest shrubby plants, like the dwarf blue- 

 berry, the wintergreen, and the trailing arbutus, are only a few 



