FORMS OF UNIPISTILLARY FRUITS 



147 



in the follicles of monkshood (Fig. 159), or along two lines, 

 as in the legumes of the pea (Fig. 343). Many capsules result 

 from the ripening of compound pistils, as the poppy, Datura, or 

 jimson weed (Fig. 343), and crocus 

 (Fig. 166, I, B}. 



The schizocarp. This is a dry 

 fruit, breaking into pieces which do 

 not split open, the name meaning 

 breaking fruit (Figs. 160, 166, II). 



The akene, grain, and nut. These 

 are dry fruits which never split 

 open (indehiscent fruits). 



Under the general name akene 

 are grouped several types of fruits. 

 Many, like those of Fig. 161, are small one-seeded carpels. 

 Another large group, the fruits of the family Composite, has 

 akenes which result from the ripening of an inferior ovary, fre- 

 quently crowned by the limb of the calyx (Fig. 166, III). 



FIG. 160. Schizocarp of maple 

 After Faguet 



r> 



FIG. 161. Akenes of a buttercup 



A, head of akenes; B, section of 

 single akene (magnified) ; a, seed 



FIG. 162. Chestnuts 



Grains, such as corn, wheat, oats, barley, rice, and so on, have 

 the interior of the ovary completely filled by the seed, and the 

 seed coats and the wall of the ovary are firmly united, as shown 

 in Fig. 3. Naturally, therefore, they are popularly supposed to 

 be seeds and are always so called by non-botanical people. 



