382 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 



957. ARTIFICIAL ESSENCES. Many of 



What * naid 



of artificial the essentials oils are compounds of organic 

 acids and bases. Several of them may be 

 artificially produced. Pine apple oil is a compound 

 butyric acid with ether or oxide of ethyl. The bu- 

 tyric acid of the compound may be prepared from 

 rancid butter or by fermenting sugar with putrid 

 cheese. Bergamit pear oil is an alcoholic solution of 

 acetates of the oxide of ethyl, with acetate of oxide 

 of amyl. The latter is the ether of the nauseous and 

 poisonous fusel oil, which has before been mentioned. 

 What is arti- 958. Apple oil is a compound of vale- 

 fdal apple rianic acid with the same ether. The 



oil? Artifi- 

 cial oil of bit- valenanic acid of the compound is also 

 ter almonds? ^^ from fugel Q ^ Oil of grapes, and 



oil of cognac, used to impart the flavor of French 

 brandy to common alcohol, come from the same source. 

 Oil of winter-green may be prepared from willow bark 

 and wood vinegar. Oil of bitter almonds is prepared 

 from coal tar. These artifical essences, although pro- 

 duced in several cases from poisonous substances, may 

 be used as flavors with perfect safety. It is highly 

 probable and in many cases certain, that the flavor of 

 the fruits themselves, is owing to the presence of these 

 precise compounds, in small quantities. 

 , jr , , 959. EMPYREUMATIC OILS. The vola- 



What are em- 



pyreumatic tile oils which are produced by the de- 

 structive distillation of vegetable and ani- 

 mal substances receive this general name. The oils 

 of wood and coal tar are examples. Another em- 

 pyreumatic oil is produced in the combustion of to- 



