168 The Principles of Fruit-growing 



country as dwarfs are pears. The pear is dwarfed by 

 working it on quince stock. Usually, dwarf pears are not 

 profitable. The apple is dwarfed by working it on apple 

 trees of small stature, as on the doucin and paradise 

 races; these races are of themselves bushes or only very 

 small trees. There are no other well-recognized dwarf 

 fruits, although the cherry is more or less dwarfed by 

 working it on the mahaleb, and the plum by working it 

 on the peach. 



The general fruit-grower would better avoid the plant- 

 ing of dwarfs for commercial purposes. They require 

 more care, are subject to more difficulties and hindrances. 

 It is only when they receive extra attention in pruning 

 and otherwise that they succeed. They may be used as 

 fillers in standard orchards, but this is doubtful policy. 

 It is better to grow them by themselves, where they 

 can receive the care that they need. They may not bear 

 profitably much in advance of standards. 



Dwarf apples are interesting and excellent for the 

 home garden, where one wants a good range of choice 

 varieties in small space. The extra attention that they 

 receive in spraying, pruning, thinning and otherwise, 

 produces fruit of excellent size and form. The yield to 

 the acre is not large for the capital and labor invested. 

 One cannot afford to grow barrel apples on dwarfs, but 

 only the choice and exceptional varieties. 



Pedigree plants. 



It is probable that trees sometimes fail to bear 

 because propagated from unproductive trees. We know 

 that no two trees in any orchard are alike, either 

 in the amount of fruit they bear or in their vigor 

 and habit of growth. Some are uniformly productive, 



