198 The Principles of Fruit-growing 



without difficulty upon the sandy soils after the outside 

 rows have been established. Upon the stony mountain 

 soils or upon the red shale, more time will be required to 

 set the trees." Figs. 48, 49, 50, show Blake's method. 



FIG. 48. Furrowing for the planting of peach trees. 



How to get the rows straight may be discussed here 

 in more detail. Three ways are quoted from H. E. Van 

 Deman: 



"To lay out with the plow. Before doing anything, one must 

 decide which style or arrangement of the trees is to be followed and 

 the distance apart to plant them. This having been decided, the 

 first thing to be done is to establish a base line, which should be 

 along a fence, road or some other permanent border of the tract to 

 be planted. Prepare enough small split stakes, that may be easily 

 seen, to put at each end of every tree-row; that is, enough to go 

 entirely around the tract. Then, set a stake firmly at a spot which 

 shall be the first established corner of the outside limits of the orchard. 

 It must, however, be set at a spot which shall also be the end of 



