Factors of Productiveness 287 



1. THE LOCATION FACTOR. 



Improper climate, aspect, land; insufficient drainage. 



2. THE PLANTATION FACTOR. 



(a) Age of trees, (6) the "stand," whether too thick. 



3. THE TILLAGE FACTOR. 



Soil-structure. Fertility as influenced by (a) fineness, (6) 

 conditions of root-hold, (c) life processes, (d) air-hold- 

 ing capacity, (e) water-holding capacity. 



Sod in orchards. 



Cover-crops. 



4. THE FERTILITY FACTOR. 



Conceptions of the uses of nitrogen, potash, phosphoric 

 acid, lime, in fruit-production. 



5. THE PRUNING FACTOR. 



(a) The relation of pruning to wood-growth and fruit- 

 growth, (6) reshaping of the top to bring it within reach 

 and to make it amenable to treatment, (c) reinvigorating 

 the tree. 



6. THE VARIETY FACTOR. 



(a) Unproductive varieties, (6) unadapted varieties, (c) 

 impotent varieties, (d) top-working. 



7. THE PROPAGATION FACTOR. 



(a) The individuality of the tree, and its power to perpetu- 

 ate its characteristics, (6) poor physical union of cion 

 and stock. 



8. THE PARASITE FACTOR. 



(a) Fungi, (6) insects. Spraying. 



