344 



The Principles of Fruit-growing 



fourths of a pint in one-hundred gallons of water, adding four 

 pounds of soap. Make the application before the leaves curl. 



APPLE-SCAB (Venturia inequalis). Olive-green, brownish or black- 

 ish scab-like spots on leaves and fruit. Scab is one of the most 

 prevalent, as well as one of the most damaging, of the apple 

 diseases. It appears on the leaves (Fig. 130) and also in the 

 fruit (Fig. 131). Whetzel. 

 The definite lesions are 

 readily distinguished 

 from the rusty, irregular 

 injuries often caused by 

 bordeaux mixture (Fig. 

 132, N. Y. Exp. Sta.). 



Rake and burn or 

 plow under old leaves 

 very early in spring. 

 Spray with lime-sulfur 

 32 Baum4, 1^0, or 

 bordeaux, 3-3-50: (1) 

 when blossom buds show 

 pink; (2) when majority 

 of petals have fallen; (3) 

 three weeks after 2, de- 

 pending upon the 

 weather; (4) if a late 

 attack is feared, spray 

 before fall rains begin. 



AppLE-CuRCULio (Anthono- 

 mus quadrigibbus) . A 

 soft, white grub, about 

 3/in. long, in the fruit. 



Clean cultivation. Rake the small, early-dropped apples 

 out into the sun where they will dry up. 



APPLE LEAF-HOPPER (Empoasca mali}. A slender, pale yellow- 

 ish green bug; the nymphs are pale greenish and usually found 

 on the under side of the leaves. The winter eggs are laid in 

 blisters under the bark of the smaller branches; summer eggs, 

 in the leaf veins and petioles. Four generations annually. The 

 insect feeds by extracting the juices from the leaves, causing them 

 to turn pale and curl. It is most injurious to nursery stock. 



FIG. 130. The characteristic markings 

 of apple-scab. 



