346 The Principles of Fruit-growing 



the latter part of June and early July, and insert the eggs under 

 the skin of the fruit. Hibernation takes place in small puparia 

 just below the surface of the soil. Sweet and subacid varieties 

 are most susceptible, but others are sometimes attacked. 



Clean cultivation. Spray when flies appear with arsenate of 

 lead, four pounds in one hundred gallons of water. The addition 

 of two or three gallons of molasses is supposed to render the 

 poison more attractive to the flies. 



BROWN-TAIL MOTH (Euphroctis chrysvrrhaxi) . This highly destruc- 

 tive European insect was introduced near Boston a number of 

 years ago, and is now rapidly spreading over New England. The 

 snow-white moths, with a large tuft of brown hairs at the tip of 

 the abdomen, appear in July, and deposit eggs on the leaves in 

 elongate masses covered with brown hairs from the body of the 

 female. The caterpillars become only partly grown the first 

 season, and hibernate in conspicuous nests, 3 to 4 inches long, 

 at the tips of the branches. The black-bodied caterpillars, clothed 

 with rather long, brownish, stinging hairs, complete their growth 

 the next spring, feeding ravenously on the tender foliage and 

 causing great damage in orchards, parks and forests. 



Cut out and burn all winter nests before the buds start. In 

 the spring, spray with arsenate of lead, as recommended for the 

 gipsy-moth. Prevent the ascent of caterpillars from other trees 

 by banding the trunks with tanglefoot. Keep the bands fresh 

 by combing the surface every few days. 



BUD-MOTH (Tmetocera ocellana). The small brown caterpillars 

 with black heads burrow into the buds, feeding on the opening 

 leaves and flowers and web them together. 



Spray with arsenate of lead, four pounds in one hundred 

 gallons of water, just as the blossoms show pink, and again as the 

 last of the petals are falling. 



CANKER-WORM, FALL (Alsophila pometaria) . Wingless female 

 moths usually emerge from the ground in late autumn, crawl 

 up the trees and deposit their eggs on the smaller branches. 

 The eggs hatch in April or May, and the blackish, yellow-striped, 

 looping caterpillars defoliate the trees. 



Band tree trunks in the fall with tanglefoot or cotton batting 

 to prevent ascent of moths. The young canker-worms may be 

 killed by spraying with arsenate of lead, six pounds to one hun- 

 dred gallons of water. 



