Apple Insects 347 



CANKER-WORM, SPRING (Paleacrita vemata). Habits similar to 



the fall canker-worm, but the moths emerge in March and April. 



Caterpillars are distinguished by having only two pairs of prolegs. 



Same as for fall canker-worm except the bands should be 



applied in early spring. 



CASE-BEARERS. The pistol-case-bearer (Coleophora malivorella) 

 and the cigar-case-bearer (C. fletcherella). The small cater- 

 pillars live in pistol- or cigar-shaped cases, about ^ inch long, 

 that they carry around with them. They appear in spring on 

 the opening buds at the same time as the bud-moth, and may be 

 controlled by the same means. 



CODLIN-MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella). This is the pinkish cater- 

 pillar which causes a large proportion of wormy apples. The 

 eggs are laid by a small moth on the leaves and the skin of the 

 fruit. Most of the caterpillars enter the apple at the blossom end. 

 When the petals fall, the calyx is open and this is the time for 

 spraying. The calyx soon closes, and keeps the poison inside 

 ready for the young caterpillars' first meal. After the calyx has 

 closed, it is too late to spray effectively. The caterpillars become 

 full grown in July and August, leave the fruit, crawl down on 

 the trunk, and there most of them spin cocoons under the loose 

 bark. In most parts of the country there are two broods annually. 

 As the last of petals are falling, spray with four pounds 

 arsenate of lead in one hundred gallons of water, using a stiff 

 spray to force it into the blossom end of the apple. Repeat the 

 application three weeks later. 



FALL WEB- WORM (Hyphantria cunea). Hairy larva, about an inch 

 long, varying from gray to pale yellow or bluish black, feeding 

 upon the leaves of many trees, in tents or webs. 



Destroy by burning the webs, or removing them and crush- 

 ing the larvae. Spray with arsenicals. 



GREEN FRUIT-WORMS (Xylina sp.). Yellowish or apple-green 

 caterpillars, striped with cream-color, 1 to !}/ inches in length 

 when mature, attack the opening leaves and blossoms and 

 eat holes in the developing fruit. The parent moths emerge 

 from hibernation in early spring and lay their eggs on the smaller 

 branches. One brood annually. 



Thorough and repeated spraying with arsenate of lead, six 

 pounds in one hundred gallons of water, will kill many of the young 

 caterpillars. Make the application when blossom clusters appear. 



