350 The Principles of Fruit-growing 



in clusters on the bark at night and in cool weather, and forage 

 out upon the branches during the day. 



Arsenicals, as for codlin-moth. Burn out nests with torch, or 

 cut them out and crush the larvse. Pick off egg-masses from twigs 

 during winter and spring. 



TUSSOCK-MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) . A handsome, red- 

 headed, yellow-and-black tufted caterpillar, about an inch long, 

 which devours the leaves and sometimes eats into the fruit. 



Collect the frothy egg-masses in fall and winter and band the 

 trees to prevent a reinfestation by migrating caterpillars. Spray 

 with arsenicals as for codling-moth, taking care to cover the under 

 side of the leaves. 



WOOLLY APHIS (Schizoneura lanigera) . Small, reddish brown plant- 

 lice covered with a conspicuous mass of white, waxy fibers, 

 found on the branches, sprouts, trunks and roots. 



For the form above ground drench the infested parts with 15 

 per cent kerosene emulsion; for the underground form remove the 

 earth beneath the tree to a depth of 3 inches, and apply 10 per 

 cent kerosene emulsion liberally, and replace the earth. In the 

 case of nursery stock the emulsion may be applied in a shallow 

 furrow close to the row. Do not set infested trees. 



Apricot. Diseases and insects require treatment similar to those of 



peach and plum. 



Bramble Fruits. BLACKBERRY CROWN-GALL or ROOT-GALL (Bac- 

 terium tumefaciens) . Swellings, hard or soft, on roots and 

 stem below ground. 



Plow up and burn all bushes in a diseased patch. Plant 

 clean roots in a new place. 



BLACKBERRY LEAF-MINER (Metellus rubi). Greenish white 

 larvse, with brown markings, % inch in length when full- 

 grown, causing blotch mines in the leaves. 



No satisfactory treatment is known. 



DEWBERRY LEAF-SPOT (Septoria rubi). Small pale spots of 

 dead leaf-tissue finally becoming dotted with black specks. 



No successful method of treatment is known. 

 RASPBERRY ANTHRACNOSE (Gl&osporium venetum). Circular or 

 elliptical, gray, scab-like spots on the canes. 



Remove diseased canes as soon as fruit is picked. Avoid 

 taking young plants from diseased plantings. 



