352 The Principles of Fruit-growing 



POWDERY MILDEW (Podosphaera oxycanthse). Leaves and twigs 

 affected, often causing defoliation. 



Spray with lime-sulfur, 1-40, or dust heavily with pow- 

 dered sulfur. 



SLUG (Eriocampoides limacina). Larva ^ inch long, blackish 

 and slimy, feeding upon the leaves; two broods. 



Arsenicals, hellebore, tobacco extract. 



Chestnut. CANKER, or BARK DISEASE (Endothia parasitica). 

 Sunken or swollen cankers on limbs or trunk. Limbs die and 

 leaves and burs cling in winter. 



Control. Remove diseased parts and burn. Paint all 

 wounds. Little chance of saving trees in infested locality. 

 WEEVILS (Balaninus probosddeus and B. rectus). Brownish 

 beetles with extremely long, slender snouts with which 

 they bore holes into the nuts for deposition of eggs. The 

 grubs feed on the kernel, producing wormy nuts. 



Treatment. No satisfactory control measures known. 

 TWO-LINED CHESTNUT-BORER (Agrilus bilineatus). Slender, 

 flattened grubs, % inch long, when mature, burrowing under 

 the bark and girdling the trees. 



Treatment. Cut and burn infested trees to prevent spread. 

 Cranberry. BLAST, or SCALD (Guignardia vacdnii). Young flower 

 and fruits blasted, older fruits appear scalded or watery. 



Spray five or six times with bordeaux mixture, 5-5-50, to 

 which has been added four pounds of resin fish-oil soap. 

 Begin just before the blossoms open. 



CRANBERRY FULGORID (Phylloscelis atra}. Small, broad-bodied, 

 black, jumping insect punctures the vines, causing the leaves 

 to turn brown and the fruit to shrivel. 



"Black leaf 40" tobacco extract, one pint to one hundred 

 gallons of water, adding four to five pounds of soap to kill 

 young nymphs. 



CRANBERRY-GIRDLER (Crambus hortuellus). Small caterpillar, 

 feeding on the stems just beneath the surface of the sand. 



Reflow just after picking, for a week or ten days, or reflow 

 for a day or two about June 10. 



FALSE ARMY- WORM (Calocampa nupera). Green to blackish 

 caterpillars devouring the leaves and buds. 



Reflow for from twenty-four to thirty-six hours soon 

 after the middle of May. It may be necessary to reflow a 



