Pecan, Pear, and Plum Pests 359 



Thorough cultivation during Octpber, November, and 

 December (in California). Make two applications of "black 

 leaf" tobacco extract, one gallon in sixty gallons of 2 per 

 cent distillate oil emulsion, the first just as the fruit-buds 

 begin to open, the second just after the petals fall. In the 

 East it may be controlled by timely applications of tobacco 

 extract and whale-oil soap. 



Pecan. BUD-MOTH (Proteopteryx deludana). A brownish cater- 

 pillar about y% inch in length, feeding on the opening buds 

 in early spring and on the under side of the leaves in summer. 



Arsenate of lead in summer to kill larvae of second brood. 

 Lime-sulfur and arsenate of lead in dormant season just 

 before buds open, to destroy hibernating larvae. 

 CASE-BEARER (Acrobasis nebulella). A small caterpillar living 

 inside a case which it carries with it. It attacks the opening 

 buds. 



Arsenate of lead as soon as the buds begin to open. Repeat 

 if necessary. 



Plum. BLACK -KNOT (Plowrightia morbosa). Black tumorous 

 swellings from 1 to several inches in length, on limbs and 

 twigs. 



Orchards thoroughly sprayed with bordeaux are not 

 likely to be attacked. Burn all affected parts in the fall. 

 Burn whole tree if badly affected. 



CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar). Larva, a whitish grub, 

 feeding in the fruit. 



Arsenate of lead, six pounds to one hundred gallons of 

 water; apply as soon as the calyx falls, and repeat two or 

 three times at intervals of about ten days. Jarring the beetles 

 on sheets very early in the morning, beginning when trees 

 are in flower, and continuing from four to six weeks, is proba- 

 bly the most certain procedure. There are various styles of 

 sheets or receptacles for catching the insects as they fall from 

 the tree. Clean culture. 

 SAN JOSE SCALE. See Apple. 



EUROPEAN FRUIT SCALE (Lecanium comi). A large circular 

 scale occurring on plum; occasionally very destructive. 



Thorough spraying with kerosene emulsion, one part to 

 five of water, in the winter. More dilute emulsion or tobacco 

 extracts in midsummer, when the young insects are on the 



