xvni TABLE OF CONTENTS 



E. MISCELLANEOUS 

 CHAPTER XVII 



PAGES 



THE DUTY, MEASUREMENT AND DIVISION OF WATER . 331-370 



The duty of water, 331 Classes of duty, 334 Deter- 

 mination of duty of water, difficult, 336 Duty of water 

 in Africa, 338 Duty of water in Asia, 339 Duty of 

 water in Europe, 341 Duty of water in South America, 

 342 Duty of water in Australia, 343 Duty of water in 

 North America, 343 Bear River Canal experience, 344 

 Idaho results, 345 Miscellaneous results, 345 The 

 Utah results, 346 Need of measuring water, 347 Who 

 shall measure the water? 349 Classes of measurement, 

 349 The Cippoletti weir, 353 Divisors, 355 Mean- 

 ing of the distribution of water, 357 Methods of Dis- 

 tribution, 358 Continuous flow, 358 Continuous 

 rotation, 361 Distribution on application, 364 Organi- 

 zation for distribution, 365 Regulations and records, 

 368. 



CHAPTER XVIII 



OVER-IRRIGATION AND ALKALI 371-405 



Seepage from reservoirs and canals, 371 Loss from 

 excessive irrigation, 373 Ground water, 374 Com- 

 parison with humid areas, 375 Lined ditches a rem- 

 edy, 376 The economical use of water a remedy, 381 

 Drainage the final remedy, 381 Alkali defined, 383 

 Seepage and alkali, 384 Upward leaching, 385 Use of 

 saline water, 387 Alkali deposits, 388 Kinds of alkali, 

 390 Tolerance for alkali, 392 Cropping against 

 alkali, 397 Chemical treatment for alkali, 398 Scra- 

 ping the surface, 399 Tillage against alkali, 399 Wash- 

 ing out alkali, 400 Underdrainage the final remedy, 

 400. 



