IRRIGATION TOOLS AND DEVICES 



423 



give very good satisfaction while they last, but are not 

 so permanent as the concrete flumes which are now being 

 constructed extensively. Recently, also, galvanized iron 

 pipes or concrete pipes are used with success for carrying 

 water over the farm. 



The second guiding principle in laying out the ditches 

 on the farm should be that they be as inconspicuous as 

 possible and out of the way of the regular operations on 

 the farm. For that reason the _ 

 ditches are often made to follow 

 the fences separating the farm fields, 

 and are even buried underground as 

 pipes, with openings at proper places 

 to supply the smaller laterals. (Figs. 

 122-125.) 



253. Leveling the land. Natural 

 land is seldom of even or regular sur- 



FIG. 130. Soil auger. 



Fio. 131. Lateral plow. 



