440 



IRRIGATION PRACTICE 



indifferent success, because the furrows were not left 

 smooth. One of the first devices of the Utah pioneers 

 was a large roller with several wooden "shoes" each one 



of which made a fur- 

 row. (Fig. 151.) This 

 gave excellent satis- 

 faction except that 

 the rolling of the land 

 made rapid evapora- 

 tion possible. From 

 this implement has 

 developed the Utah 

 layoff and pulverizer 

 (Fig. 152), especially 

 adapted for alfalfa fields. The furrows are cut, the clods 

 pulverized and the smoothed ground mulched by a rear 

 attachment of spike teeth. Many other devices for fur- 

 rowing have been made. (Figs. 153-156.) 



257. Mulching the soil. Well-cultivated soils produce 

 crops with the least expenditure of water. Implements for 

 cultivation are therefore of the highest importance to the 

 farmer. Such implements are now on the market in great 



FIG. 163. Device for measuring miner's inches. 



FIG. 164. Cross section of canal for measurement of flow. 



numbers. Clods may be broken by the corrugated roller; 

 the alfalfa fields disked by the disk with jagged cutting 

 edges; the mulch may be made by one of the tooth harrows, 

 the disk-harrow or any one of the many available culti- 



