SOUECES OF INFECTION IN THE STABLE. 47 



Milk from Inflamed Udders. Another form of diseased 

 milk which is also abnormal when drawn is that produced 



windpipe, and the lungs are carefully examined during and after 

 the coughing. The condition of the skin over the flanks is carefully 

 observed ; it should in a healthy animal be 'loose,' like that of a 

 clog, soft and pliable ; any adhesion, hardness, or harshness should 

 be carefully noted. 



d. " The udder is carefully examined for inequality of size or for 

 auy induration. It is a somewhat curious fact that tuberculosis dis- 

 ease usually affects the hind quarters of the udder, which becomes 

 hard and knotty, but not painful ; while in acute inflammation of 

 the udder the anterior quarters are quite as much affected as the 

 posterior ; the pain is usually very acute, and the process is accom- 

 panied by much more marked febrile symptoms. 



e. ' ' Then the glands above the udder, high up between the quar- 

 ters, are most carefully examined. In cases of tubercular disease of 

 the udder these glands are invariably affected, are unequal in size, 

 and the large one, corresponding to the affected quarter, is usually 

 considerably indurated. 



/. "Careful auscultation is carried out at least once a month, 

 the fore foot of the side that is being examined being always well 

 advanced. The normal expiration-sound lasts half as long as the 

 normal inspiration, and if this rhythm is deviated from in anyway, a 

 further and thorough examination of the lungs should always be 

 made. 



g. " The examination is continued still further if the slightest 

 suspicion of tubercular disease is aroused by the above investigation. 

 ... In case of suspicion the milk from that animal should not be 

 put into the milk-supply, but is either thrown out or, after being 

 most thoroughly disinfected by prolonged boiling, is given to the 

 pigs." 



Prof. Nocard, of Alfort Agricultural College, France, who has 

 made a special study of this subject, in a recent publication gives the 

 following directions for manner of procedure in case of the appear- 

 ance of tuberculosis in a herd (L' Industrie Laitiere, 19 (1894), p. 144) : 



"The diagnosing power of tuberculin is at the present time ad- 

 mitted by all authorities. By its application it is easy to prevent the 



