68 MODERN DAIRY PRACTICE. 



Our dairymen and milkmen may draw many useful 

 lessons from these facts. Ice can in our climate easily be 

 kept packed in sawdust. Small milk producers who can- 

 not make use of large quantities may join with one another 

 in hauling and keeping the ice. 



Mixing Evening and Morning Milk. In this connec- 

 tion I will mention a mistake often made, viz., to mix the 

 warm morning milk with the cold evening milk before 

 the hauling. The whole quantity may be spoiled by this 

 practice, as a temperature especially adapted to the growth 

 of certain bacteria may under these conditions arise. If 

 the comparatively warm, mixed milk be hauled a good 

 distance to the creamery in the heat of the sun, it is not 

 strange that it is changed on the arrival there, or at least 

 contains a large number of bacteria the injurious effects of 

 which it is hardly possible to overcome in the manu- 

 facture of the products.* 



The milk ought of course to be protected against heat- 

 ing during the transportation, a rule which is often 

 violated. If it has to be transported a long distance, the 

 milk ought to be cooled during the hauling, or ought 

 otherwise to be pasteurized before shipping. (See under 

 Pasteurization of Milk.) 



Care of Milk-pails. A very common and strong in- 

 fection of the milk which takes place both in the stable 

 and the dairy is the one caused by carelessly- cleaned milk 

 pails and cans. Even the first vessel which holds the 

 milk when drawn from the udder, the milk-pail, usually 

 leaves much to be wished for as far as cleanliness is con- 

 cerned. At many farms in the old countries wooden pails 



*The churning of the milk which often takes place in hauling 

 long distances is easily avoided by filling the cans completely. 



