84 MODERN DAIKY PBACTICE. 



The results found by me in case of different samples of 

 milk have also varied greatly, according to the age of the 

 sample when the bacterial content is determined, as well as 

 the origin of the milk analyzed. 



Samples taken in a pasture on a fresh, somewhat damp 

 summer morning showed the following average results as 

 regards their bacterial content : 





Number of bacteria in 



n ) irk -,K Qn 



i . ,. > 10 oo 1530 



one cubic centimeter, $ 



The numbers in this table are surprisingly small as com- 

 pared with those previously given, but the samples were 

 taken under particularly favorable conditions. The milk- 

 ing took place away from any dwelling-house, in a pasture 

 surrounded by woods, during complete calm, and the cows 

 were still damp after the moisture and the fog of the night 

 air. The infection under these conditions would naturally 

 be very small. During the two hours given in the table 

 the milk stood in the hauling can in the pasture and during 

 the transportation to the dairy. 



Entirely different data are obtained in examining milk 

 produced in a barn. The infection is there very pro- 

 nounced, even within the first half-hour after the milking 

 is done. 



In making some quantitative bacteriological analyses 

 of the milk produced on a certain farm I obtained samples 

 of milk from a stable where only the heavy milkers had yet 

 been taken in from the summer pasture. The stable was 

 therefore not filled with cows, and ordinary winter condi- 

 tions had not yet appeared there. This explains why this 

 milk also contained comparatively few bacteria, 



