90 MODERN DAIRY PRACTICE. 



which thrived so well at this low temperature were not, 

 however, of a kind that would exert any influence on the 

 quality of the milk. With the temperature of the milk at 

 39 F. (4 0.) I have never, no matter how long it was 

 kept, been able to observe any increase in the bacteria con- 

 tent; this has always remained unchanged from the mo- 

 ment the temperature sank to 39 F. (4 C.). 



It may finally be mentioned that Cnopf * analyzed milk 

 samples which contained from 200,000 to 6,000,000 bac- 

 teria per cubic centimeter 5-6 hours after the milking 

 (average over 1,000,000 per cc.).f 



* Centrafol. f. Bact. 6,553. 



f The determinations of the bacterial content of market milk or 

 of milk peddled in cities have as a rule given exceedingly high fig- 

 ures, owing to the comparatively long interval between the milking 

 and the sampling. The following results have been obtained in the 

 main investigations in this line : 



Clauss (Inaug. Dissert. Wiirzberg, 1890 ; Cliem. Centralbl. 1890, 

 518) found from 222,000 to 2.3 million bacteria per cubic centimeter 

 in eight samples of Wlirzburg market milk taken during winter 

 time ; average 1-2 million per cc. 



Hohenkamp (Arch. f. Hyg., 14, 260) found from 1.9 to 7.2 mil- 

 lions in the market milk of the same city during the summer. 



Buiwid (vide Knochenstiern) in 1890 found on an average 4 mil- 

 lion germs in sixteen samples of Warsaw milk. 



Freudenreich (vide Knochenstiern) found 10, 000 to 20,000 bacteria 

 per cc. of Riitti milk. 



Geuns (Arch. f. Hyg., 3, 479) found fresh milk sold in Amsterdam 

 to contain 2.5 millions, and when ten hours old 10.5 millions. 



Cunningham (Arch. f. Hyg., 12) found 3400 to 300,000 bacteria 

 per cc. of Calcutta milk taken during summer 1891. 



Renk (Centralbl. f. Bact., 10, 193) found 6-30.7 million per cc. in 

 Halle milk. 



Uhl (Zeitschr.f. Hyg., 12, 475) found from 83,100 to 170 millions 

 av. 22.9 millions, in thirty samples of Giessen market milk, taken 



