140 MODERN DAIRY PRACTICE. 



Coming now to the milk furnished by farms in the 

 country, we find of course better conditions in many re- 

 spects. We have here two different kinds of stables 

 primitive and comparatively modern ones. The former 

 remind one in the main of the village stables just de- 

 scribed, although they are a good deal better. The build- 

 ing of the stable, the lack of windows, and some other 

 conditions are similar in the two cases, but the cows in 

 poor country stables are generally much cleaner than those 

 in town stables. Litter is more plentiful in the country, 

 and the feeding of the cows is seldom so intense as in the 

 city. This superiority of old country stables is, however, 

 only relative ; if we compare them with the modern stables 

 in the country the judgment would be entirely different. 



I have only had occasion to analyze milk from such 

 farms a few times. As already stated, a sample of milk 

 produced in such a stable was very strongly infected with 

 bacteria five hours after milking. 



"We meet with better conditions and better results in 

 examining the country farms equipped and conducted in 

 a modern manner. Conditions are also here found, how- 

 ever, which need improvement, as may be inferred from 

 the description in Chapter II. 



The milk furnished to city households is not consumed 

 until after a shorter or longer transportation. As the milk 

 becomes more or less contaminated in every stable, it must 

 be strained and cooled immediately after the milking. If 

 the milk is properly cooled before the transportation it 

 will not be necessary to cool it during the same, provided 

 the distance is not too great: it need then only be pro- 

 tected from being warmed which may be effected by plac- 

 ing the milk-cans in double-walled boxes, the walls of 



