i88 



07'thoplasy 



which all the theories must ultimately repose. We may 

 accordingly display, by the three cuts given herewith, the 



Theory of Lamarckism or Neo-Lamarckism. LL', line of evolution; i, 2, etc., 

 successive generations by physical heredity; c, c' , etc., congenital endowment; 

 a, a\ etc., modifications (acquired). The modification of one generation is 

 added to the endowment of the next by the principle of use-inheritance. 



Theory of Orthoplasy. LL', line of evolution; i, 2, etc., successive generations 

 by physical heredity; TT', line of tradition (social transmission) ; cm, cm' , etc., 

 congenital mean; a, a', etc., accommodations (and modifications) supplement- 

 ing or screening cm, etc. ; v, v' , etc., (congenital) variations added to cm, etc., 

 by natural selection. The species is kept alive by a, a', etc., and TT', during 

 the evolution of cm. The line TT', considered as ' tradition,' is of varying 

 importance according to the character in question and to the grade of the organ- 

 ism in the scale of life ; but if it signify any utility for which the accommodations 

 are necessary, it is always present, and may be called the ' line of utility.' 



contrasts presented by the three views when their essen- 

 tials are compared with one another. The contrasts are 

 real, as the differences in the diagrams show. 



