APPENDICES 



APPENDIX A 



ORIGINAL STATEMENTS OF ORGANIC SELECTION AND OR- 

 THOPLASY MADE INDEPENDENTLY BY PROFESSORS H. F. 

 OSBORN AND C. LLOYD MORGAN, WITH CITATIONS ALSO 

 FROM PROFESSOR E. B. POULTON 



I. Professor H. F. Osborn 



[* A Mode of Evolution requiring neither Natural Selection nor the In- 

 heritance of Acquired Characters.' (Organic Selection.) Trans. New York 

 Academy of Science (1896), meetings of March and April, 1896, pp. 141-148; 

 cf. abstract in Science, April 3, 1896.] 



" Dr. Graf discussed the views of the modern schools of 

 evolutionists, and adopted the view that the transmission of 

 acquired characters must be admitted to occur. He cited 

 several examples which seemed to support this view, and 

 especially discussed the sucker in leeches as an adaptation to 

 parasitism and the evolution of the chambered shell in a series 

 of fossil Cephalopods. 



" Professor Osborn remarked in criticism of Dr. Graf's paper 

 that this statement does not appear to recognize the distinction 

 between ontogenic^ and phylogenic variation, or that the adult 

 form of any organism is an exponent of the stirp, or constitu- 

 tion + the environment. If the environment is normal, the 

 adult will be normal ; but if the environment (which includes 

 all the atmospheric, chemical, nutritive, motor, and psychical 

 circumstances under which the animal is reared) were to change, 



1 In this paper * Ontogenic Variation ' is used for what we are now calling 

 ' Modification.' See the citation made below from Professor Osborn's paper 

 in the Anier. Naturalist. — J. I\L B. 



335 



