LEPIDOPTERA. 



483 



Hymenopterous insects are of great importance in destroying the 

 caterpillar pests of the garden. 



The Hawthorn Butterfly (Pieris crat&gi] occasionally visits gardens, 

 and, according to Boisduval, is at times troublesome in all parts of 

 Europe, but if it has visited us it has not been observed. The caterpillar 

 of the great Tortoiseshell Butterfly is also said to live upon cherry and 

 plum trees, and sometimes it strips them entirely of their leaves : 



" La, tout papillon a des roses ; 



Tout corps laisse, des tapis verts : 

 Toute abeille a des fleurs ^closes ; 



Et tout zdphire, des concerts." JULES CANONGE. 



We are troubled to a certain extent with the tree-destroying Goat 

 Moth (Cossus lignipcrda}. The caterpillar (fig. 1065) is a truly formidable 



FIG. 1065. Caterpillar of Goat Moth. 



creature, with a pair of jaws of such power that it can eat and penetrate 



into the hardest trees. It lives upon the woody 



fibre, and is particularly partial to the willow. I 



have known it to destroy cherry and apple trees. Its 



presence may be known by an unpleasant odour, and 



by a peculiar kind of sawdust-looking matter oozing 



from the trunk of the trees.. A short time ago I 



saw one of my favourite apple-trees so attacked. I 



immediately cut into this caterpillar's gallery, which 



I found penetrated to the heart of the tree. The 



moth itself is three inches across the wings, and 



is remarkable for the quantity of fat it contains, 



FIG. 1066. -Apple-stem 



which is apt to grease the paper of the cabinet in 

 which it is placed. Fig. 1066 shows part of the trunk of an apple-tree 

 which was literally riddled by these creatures. 



I I 2 



