1906 



GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTLUB. 



885 



sweet clover of the white variety. Notice 

 the flume extending across the gulch, to car- 

 ry irrigation water, and the growth of sweet 

 clover under it. Not all of the colonies are 

 shown, as I suppose the yard contains 150 to 

 200 colonies, and was one of the few yards 

 in this valley to secure some honey last year. 

 The long shed in the foreground is made of 

 light' poles to which are fastened cat-tails, 

 or tules, as they are called here. It is quite 

 a welcome protection to bees and bee-keep- 

 er from the fierce rays of the summer sun. 

 The yard is nicely terraced, the shop being 

 at the lowest point, so all honey goes down 

 hill after it is taken from the hives. 



hard at work gathering nectar. This fact 

 led me to the conclusion that the alimentary 

 canals of the bees at this time were nearly 

 free from disease, and with food direct from 

 the fields a clean start could be made by the 

 bees, in the shape of a swarm. I have done 

 this repeatedly, placing the swarm on foun- 

 dation, not comb, with the result that seldom 

 more than two or three cells in the new 

 brood showed disease. These odd cells were 

 opened with a match- stick, using one to each 

 cell. The spores were burned out with full 

 strength Calvert's No. 5 carbolic acid, ad- 

 ministered with a dropping-bottle. care be- 

 ing taken to destroy the sticks. These odd 



SCHULTZ'S TERRACED APIARY WITH ARTIFICIAL SHADE IN IDAHO. 



The stands shown are similar to those used 

 by Mr. Marchand. of Florida, as illustrated 

 in Gleanings a few years ago. The hives 

 used are mostly ten-frame, with full-depth 

 extracting supers and 4|X4jXli beeway 

 sections. 



The hospitable owner stands at the rear of 

 one of the hives in the second row; and if 

 any of the readers of Gleanings should pass 

 that way I am sure they would be cordially 

 greeted 



Meridian, Idaho. 



FOUL BROOD AS VIEWED FROM THE 



STANDPOINT OF AN ENGLISH 



EXPERT. 



A Discussion of Recent Statements. 



BY J. GRAY. 



In my ofReial capacity as traveling expert 

 I have frequently noticed that stocks suffer- 

 ing from Bacillus alvei ha,we commenced to 

 raise healthy brood when the stocks were 



cells sometimes have been treated 12 months 

 after the bees seem to put an extra thick 

 capping on them. 



My usual test in dealing with odd cells of 

 brood dead in the pupa stage is as follows: 

 If moldy, no need to fear, for the germs of 

 mold do not thrive in the same cell as the 

 germs of Bacillus alvei. 



If a dead imago, there is no need to fear. 

 If the cell is apparently empty, then beware. 

 for closer inspection will reveal the dried 

 scale adhering to the lower cell wall, the 

 end toward the opening curled up. This 

 scale contains the seeds, or spores, of the 

 disease, and in this stage it can resist high 

 and low temperature, and can germinate 

 into bacilli after the lapse of years. I have 

 known a stock after a lapse of eight years, 

 when such cells were reopened, to become 

 rotten with the disease. 



The whole of the ten combs in this"stock 

 were affected. Each comb contained from 

 20 to 40 cells, hermetically sealed with a 

 thick black capping. The brood in the lar- 

 val stage was perfect and healthy. 



