1906 



GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 



1363 



spring in ease of need. Such as ai'e not 

 used for this purpose in the spi'ing are kept 

 for my queen-mating. Some are used in 

 this way. If a colony has died leaving plen- 

 ty of stores, one of these liabies is set bodily 

 in the hive of combs, being given one frame 

 of l)rood in exchange for one of the frames 

 of honey. The queen quickly takes posses- 

 sion of the larger In-ood-nest. and the nui-leus 

 in the space of a month becomes a very re- 

 spectable colony. 



When set out in spring these nuclei ai'e 

 very apt to desert their hives. It is well to 

 place excluder zinc over the entrances, and 

 even with this precaution the queen is often 

 deserted, the bees joining in with others. If 

 set out for an afternoon, and then put back 

 in the cellar for three or four days, there is 

 less likelihood of desertion. 



CONCRETE BEE-CELLAR?!. 



How the Same can be Built at about Half 



tlie Co.st of Brick or Cut Stone, with 



Unskilled Labor. 



BY K. R. ROOT. 



As our readers already know. The A. I. 

 Root Co. is putting up a publishing house 

 and office. 140X100. all of concrete. Not a 

 brick or stone is to l)e found in the entire 

 structure. The accompanying engravings 

 show snap-shots of the work as it is going on. 

 and they were taken especially for this arti- 

 cle, in order that the reader mav understand 



just how to build the wooden forms for hold- 

 ing the concrete mixture until it is set, when 

 the forms are to l^e removed and raised up 

 higher, ready for another pour. 



Before going further it might be well to 

 explain something about the modern uses of 

 concrete. Ijoth for foundation walls and su- 

 perstructures in place of either brick or 

 stone. Many modern factory liuildings are 

 now Ijeing built of concrete. In not a few 

 cases the walls of this material are a great 

 deal cheaper than the same thickness of 

 brick, and much stronger, and absolutely 

 fireproof. They are as permanent as the 

 rock of Gibraltar. It is ti'ue that we have 

 heard in the papers of how some foolish con- 

 trai'toi's. who. in a hurry to rush forward a 

 jol). took away the forms l^efore the cement 

 hail set. with the result that there was a gen- 

 eral collapse, and in some cases a loss of 

 life. But builders and architects alike are 

 learning better now: and when the concrete 

 is properly made, nothing can be stronger or 

 more permanent. 



Reinforced concrete — that is. ordinaiy con- 

 crete in which iron or steel roils are imbed- 

 ded — is something that is coming rapidly for- 

 ward. This is now beginning to be used for 

 building some of the tall sky-scrapers in our 

 big cities. Xotwithstanding the great height 

 of these buildings, there is not an I beam nor 

 a ln"ick in the whole structure — nothing but 

 concrete and slender iron rods passing 

 lengthwise through the mass. Buildings of 

 this construction stood the San Frani-isco 

 earthquake and tire much better than the 



THE A. I. ROOT CO. S NEW CONCRETE BUILDING IN THE I'UOCESS OF Ci ) \>TKUCTIO.\. 



