90 Principles of Plant Culture. 



buds before expanding, does not appear to be known. 

 The facts that leafy shoots sometimes grow out of the 

 center of flowers, and that petals (142) are sometimes 

 developed as leaves, suggest that 

 such a change may occur. 



In the grape, flowers appear at 

 a the first two, three or four nodes 



FIG. 44. Fruit spur of the pear. 

 duced one-half. (After Barry.) 



FIG. 43. Fruit spurs of of 



the apple. A, points at 



the young shoots that grow 



e appe. , pons a ,, j . 



which apples were de- from stems formed the preceding 



tached the preceding 



year; w, wrinkles mark- season (canes) and tne snoot con- 



ing points at which 



leaves were detached in tinues to grow beyond the flowers. 



previous years. Re- 



duced. (After Hardy.) The raspberry, blackberry and 

 dewberry blcom like the grape, except that the shoots 

 terminate in a flower. In the strawberry, the terminal 

 bud of the preceding year's growth flowers in early 

 spring. In these plants, therefore, the flower-buds are 

 enclosed by the same bud scale that inclose the leaf- 

 buds, hence, it is more difficult to foresee the number 

 of flowers than in the tree fruits. A knowledge of the 

 location of the flower-buds is very important in pruning 

 plants grown for their flowers or fruits (416). 



