72 ON ITER, XVI. OF ANTONINUS. 



Elvod ; Dubritius, Dyvric. And now, if we take Hern and put 

 w for b we shall have Iwern, the name of the stream that runs 

 under Hod-hill, and gives name to the parishes of Iwerne 

 Minster and Iwerne Courtney. I myself believe from the 

 Latin lern in Ibernium that it mnst have been at or by a moor 

 (British, Gwern, soft shape, wern}, and a moor of the kind in 

 which the alder thrives, as it is called Gwern or y pren wern, 

 the moor tree ; and I believe, moreover, that it was Hod-hill. 

 Gwern, wern, has come into many British-place names, and is 

 now found in Wales. Bwlch-gwern-hir, the Longmoor gap, near 

 Llansantffraid; Melin y wern, Moor-mill; Gwernogle, Moory place ; 

 Pengwern, Moorhead, the old British name of Shrewsbury ; 

 Gwyddel-wern, "Woody-moor, near Corwen ; Gwern-ddu, Black- 

 moor. Now, Yw is the name of a spring, the head of a stream 

 the Ywen, at a spot called Llygad Yw, the eye of Yw in 

 Ystrad Yw (the Vale of Yw, in Wales), and I think that 

 the little spring or brook Iwern is of the same name Yw, or at 

 full length Y Yw Wern, the Moorbrook, and this is the word 

 which by the Roman moulding of British words' would become 

 Ibernium. The geographer of Ravenna, in his list of stead- 

 names, taken from west to east, puts Ibernium next before 

 Yindogladia (Gussage Cowdown ? ), and thus, if he had not 

 skipped from side to side, and even backward and forward, he 

 might have shown that Ibernium must be Hod-hill. 



YINDOGLADIA VENTAGLADIA 



Is the name given in the Iter as that of a halt-stead above 

 Dorchester, and xii. Roman, or about 11 English, miles below 

 Old Sarum. 



Sir Richard Hoare thought, as later writers think, that he 

 had found the site of it at some earthworks on Gussage Cow- 

 down by the Icen way. This spot is said to be 16 English miles 

 from Old Sarum, and 16 English miles would be nearly 18, not 

 12, Roman miles, as the waybook puts it, from Old Sarum. 

 This is puzzling, and it has been said that the miles on the Iter 

 are untrue. They should be xvi. Yes, I say, xviii. How came 



