10 MAMMALIA ORDER /. PRIMATES. 



all Ungulates except an African type of pig, and the paucity of Rodents, which 

 are represented only by the rat tribe (Muridce). Next in importance is the 

 Ethiopian region, comprising Africa south of the Tropic of Cancer and 

 Southern Arabia. Here one of the most distinctive features are the number 

 of large Ungulates, among which the zebras, a host of antelopes, hippopotami, 

 wart-hogs, and the giraffe are now peculiar ; while deer are absent, and sheep 

 and goa^s very scarce, and only represented in the northern portion of the 

 region. Gorillas and chimpanzees are now solely Ethiopian, as are practically 

 the dog-headed baboons (Papio\ while certain other genera of monkeys are 

 confined to the region. Elephants and rhinoceroses also occur, although these 

 are markedly distinct from their Oriental cousins. Aard-varks are now 

 solely Ethiopian ; while pangolins are common to this and the Oriental 

 regions. Bears are practically wanting. 



Although in many ways nearly related to the Ethiopian, the Oriental region, 

 which comprises India, Southern China and the Malayan countries as far as 

 Wallace's line, is markedly distinct, having no hippopotami, giraffes, or 

 wart-hogs, while its antelopes are far less numerous, and also generically dis- 

 tinct from those of Africa south of the Tropic. Instead of chimpanzees and 

 gorillas, there are orangs and gibbons ; dog-faced baboons are wanting, and 

 there are several peculiar genera of monkeys, while the lemurs are quite 

 distinct from those of Africa. True pigs, as distinct from bush-pigs, are 

 abundant, as are also bears and deer, the latter mostly of a peculiar sub- 

 generic type. There are no aard-varks, although pangolins are common : 

 and the rhinoceroses and elephant are widely different from those of Africa. 

 The region may be sub-divided into several sub-regions, which need not be 

 mentioned here. 



With the exception of Southern North America, the whole of the remainder 

 of the Arctogaeic realm may be included in the Holarctic region, which is 

 characterised by the absence of man-like apes, lemurs, elephants, and rhino- 

 ceroses, the paucity of monkeys, the abundance of goats and sheep, and the 

 presence of the two species of bison ; marmots and beavers being also char- 

 acteristic of this region, while pangolins are practically wanting. Finally, 

 we have the Sonoran region, including Southern North America, to about 

 as far north as latitude 45 deg., and especially characterised by being the 

 home of the prong-buck (Antilocapra) and the family of pocket-gophers 

 (Geomyidce.) 



MAMMALIA. 



ORDER I. PRIMATES. 

 APES, MONKEYS, AND LEMURS. 



THE first ordinal group of Mammals is the one named by the great Swedish 

 naturalist Linnaeus, Primates, and includes not only apes, monkeys, baboons, 

 and marmosets, but likewise man himself, as well as the infinitely lower 

 creatures commonly designated lemurs, which differ from all the others in 



