APES, MONKEYS, AND LEMURS. 



Fig. 6. COMMON CHIMPANZEE 



(AnthropopWiecus troglodytes). 



these animals, and it will suffice to say that the common species (A. troglo- 

 dytes), which ranges across Tropical Africa from the Gabun to Uganda, has 



the face, ears, hands, and feet, dark reddish flesh-colour, or more rarely 



blackish brown, while the general colour of the hair is wholly black, except 



on the lips, where it is short and white, and 



on the buttocks, where it has a dash of red- 

 dish brown. There has been some difference 



of opinion as to whether the so-called bald 



chimpanzee (A, calvus) of the West Coast of 



Africa is entitled to rank as a distinct species, 



but recent researches tend to show that it has 



no such claim. In size chimpanzees are much 



smaller animals than the gorilla. In walking, 



the palm of the hand can be applied to the 



ground, and the same is the case with the sole 



of the foot ; but although chimpanzees can 



stand or walk erect on the soles of their feet, 



they much prefer to progress in a stooping 



posture, supporting themselves on their bent 



knuckles. 



In some districts living to a great extent on 



the ground, chimpanzees are more arboreal in 



their general habits than the gorilla, although 



much less so than the orang. They feed on 



wild or even cultivated fruits, and generally 



associate either in family parties or in small communities, although the 



males and females pair for life. For the 

 protection of the female and young a kind 

 of nest or resting-place is built in some 

 tree, where they pass the night, the male 

 remaining on ground below. In the early 

 morning and evening, and less commonly 

 during the night, chimpanzees give vent 

 to a series of unearthly shrieks and howls ; 

 Dr. Pechuel-Losche observing that " since 

 they are really accomplished in the art of 

 bringing forth these unpleasant sounds, 

 which may be heard at a great distance, 

 and are reproduced by the echoes, it is im- 

 possible to estimate the number of indi- 

 viduals who take part in the dreary noise, 

 but often we seemed to hear more than a 

 hundred." 



The hideous creature forming the sole 

 representative of the genus Gorilla differs 

 from the chimpanzees in 

 the great development of Gorilla, 

 the tusks of the male as 

 well as in the large size of the bony crests 

 on the skull above the eyes, and likewise 



by the male being very much larger than the female. There are also certain 



differences in the conformation of the cheek-teeth, and the brain has a more 



Fig. 7 THE GORIT.I.A 

 (Gorilla stwagei). 



