134 



MAMMALIA ORDER VLUNGULA TA. 



Fig. 72. BUSH-PIG (Sus africanus). 



North Africa, Asia Minor, and Central Asia, replaced in India by the closely 

 allied S. cristatus. India is the home of the smallest species, the pigmy hog 

 (<S. salvanius) of the Bhutan terai, which scarcely exceeds a hare in size. 

 Numerous species inhabit the Malayan countries and islands as far east as 

 Celebes and the Philippines, while one, which may, however, have been in- 

 troduced, is found in New Guinea. Africa south of the Sahara has but one 

 of the more typical representatives of the genus, which inhabits the Senhaar 



districts. Elsewhere in that con- 

 tinent, as well as in the adjacent 

 island of Madagascar, the place of 

 the typical swine is taken by the 

 bush-pigs, which are frequently re- 

 garded as representing a distinct 

 genus, under the name of Potamo- 

 chcerus. The bush-pigs have long, 

 pencilled ears, and tend to lose the 

 anterior premolar teeth in both jaws, 

 while their molars are of simpler 

 structure than those of the other 

 members of the genus. Of the two 

 African species, africanus, ranging from South to Central Africa, has grey 

 hair, whereas in the West African S. porcus the colour is red, and tho 

 pencilled ears are of great length. 



The other two genera of swine differ from the foregoing in having uniformly 

 coloured young, both being remarkable for the extraordinary development of 

 the tusks of the males. This feature attains its maximum in the babirusa 

 (Babirusa alfurus) of the island of Celebes, in the males of which the upper 

 tusks pierce the skin of the face, and curve backwards over the eyes in a 

 manner recalling the horns of the chamois. The lower tusks, which are 

 equally long and slender, curve 

 backwards in a somewhat similar 

 manner, but do nob wear against 

 the upper pair. There are but 

 two pairs of upper incisors, and 

 only two pairs of premolars in 

 each jaw. In appearance, the 

 babirusa is a rather short-bodied 

 and long-limbed pig, with small 

 ears, a very wrinkled skin, and 

 the upper edge of the extremity 

 of the snout overhanging the 

 lower. By far the most hideous 

 and repulsive-looking members of 

 the family are the two African 

 species of wart-hogs (P/i-acoc/icer- 

 iis), characterised by large conical warty growths projecting from the sides 

 of the face. The whole head is much flattened and expanded, and the 

 muzzle very broad. The huge tusks, which are nearly as large in the 

 sows as in the boars, curve upwards, outwards, and forwards ; the upper 

 ones, which are tipped with enamel only at the apex, being of great thick- 

 ness, and abraded on their convex surfaces by the more slender lower 

 pair. In the adult there is but a single pair of upper incisor teeth, 



Fig. 73. WART-HOG (Phacochoerus cethiopicus). 



