SCORPIONS AND HARVEST-MEN. 541 



ORDER II. SOLPUGID^E. 



These are large animals, resembling spiders, but with the head and thorax 

 separated, and the abdomen segmented ; the legs are very hairy. They are not 

 numerous in species, and are chiefly found in warm countries. They inhabit 

 sandy places, and although frequently called Solifugce, the majority of the species 

 are most active by day. One species is Galeodes araneoides (Pallas), which is 

 common on the Lower Volga ; it is about two inches long, and is much 

 dreaded on account of its very painful bite. They hide themselves in the 

 sand and among plants, from whence they rush upon their prey. They will 

 sometimes kill lizards and birds, but their commonest food appears to be 

 grasshoppers. They are sometimes very troublesome to camels by their bite. 

 The North African species, which we have figured, G. arabs (Koch) (Fig. 15) 

 is one of the largest known ; it is of a yellowish colour. 



ORDER III. PSEUDOSCORPIONIDEA (BOOK-SCORPIONS) 



These are small, but not microscopic, animals, with the abdomen united to 

 the cephalothorax, but distinctly jointed, and with 

 very long curving foot-jaws, cleft at the end. They 

 resemble very small tail-less scorpions, and are fre- 

 quently found among old books and papers, where 

 they feed on mites and other small creatures. They 

 are often seen clinging to the legs of flies, but rather, 

 perhaps, as a convenient means of transport from 

 place to place, than with the intention of preying on j^. 16. BOOK-SCORPION 

 the flies themselves. The number of species is not (Chiridium musceorum, 

 very large j the typical genus is Chelifer (Late.). Leach) ' Ma g nifle(l ' 



ORDER I V. PEDIPULPI (FALSE SCORPIONS). 



These are large tropical creatures, an inch or more in length, resembling 

 spiders, but with a jointed abdomen, large pincers like a scorpion, long hairy 

 legs, of which the first pair are much longer and slenderer than the others, 

 and no tail, or else a short one, not terminating in a sting. They are much 

 dreaded by the natives of the countries in which they are found, but whether 

 their claws are venomous does not seem to have been positively ascertained. 



The typical genus is Phrynus (Latr.). 



ORDER V. PHALANGIIDA (HARVEST-MEN). 



These are small spider-like animals, with enormously long slender legs. 

 The abdomen is segmented, there are no spinning glands, and the maxillary 

 palpi end in a single claw, while the mandibles are jointed. They breathe by 

 trachese. They feed on Aphides and other small insects by night. (See Fig. 



