Gii 



when a salt comes in contact with an organism it is adsorb- 

 ed by the surface layer and diffuses thence into the inter- 

 ior. The amount thus entering in a given time is related to 

 the amount adsorbed. If an otherwise indifferent but strong- 

 ly adsorbed substance be present the amount of adsorbed poi- 

 son should be less. 



True and Gies^^ also relate the antagonistic effect 

 here considered to the protoplasm and seem to consider that 

 it is due to an accelerating action of calcium acting against 



a retarding influence exerted by copper. Szucs, as mentioned 



considers 

 earlier in this paper, likewise/the influence of one salt 



upon the toxicity of another to be due to a mutual effect of 

 the two salts upon the protoplasm. Loeb^^ later advanced the 

 theory that the influence of one salt on the toxic action 

 exerted by another upon an organism was dve to an effect 

 upon the outer colloidal membrane of the organism whereby 

 it was made impermeable to the toxic salt. 



Osterhout^l working with cut disks of Laminaria, 

 comes to the conclusion that " the antagonistic action of 

 salts is largely or entirely due to the fact that they hin- 

 der or prevent one another from entering the protoplasm." 



29. True and Gies. Loc. Cit. 



3C . Loeb, J., The mechanistic conception of life. Page 173, 



University of Chicago Press, 1912. 



31. Csterhout, 71. J. Y. , The permeability of protoplasm to 



ions and the theory of antagonism. Science N. S. 55:112-115, 



1912. 



